Fouling modeling based on multiple cosine functions and its influence on aerodynamic performance of compressor cascade
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摘要:
为了模拟压气机叶片表面积垢的不规则粗糙特征，针对压气机叶片积垢粗糙特征的关键参数，基于多重余弦函数建立了描述压气机叶栅不规则粗糙积垢的几何模型。以某扩压叶栅为研究对象，采用数值模拟手段研究了不同积垢粗糙结构参数对扩压叶栅气动性能的影响。结果表明：不规则粗糙叶栅积垢造成了气动性能退化，流动损失增加，且随着松散层积垢表面粗糙度的增加气动性能退化程度加剧，这一现象在负攻角工况尤为显著。相较于积垢表面粗糙度大小，积垢粗糙结构宽度对气动性能退化的影响相对较小。相较于压比，总压损失对叶栅积垢更加敏感，当积垢造成总压损失最大增加145.75%时相应的压比仅降低3.07%。
Abstract:To simulate the irregular roughness characteristics of a compressor blade surface, a geometric model describing the irregular roughness of a compressor cascade was established based on multiple cosine functions, so as to capture key parameters of compressor blade roughness characteristics. Using a diffuser cascade as the research subject, the effect of different fouling rough structure parameters on the aerodynamic performance of the diffuser cascade was investigated through numerical simulation. The results indicated that cascade fouling led to aerodynamic degradation and increase of flow loss, with the deterioration of aerodynamic performance being more pronounced with higher fouling roughness structure heights, especially at negative incidences. In comparison, the width of the fouling rough structure had a lesser effect on aerodynamic performance degradation. The total pressure loss was more sensitive to fouling than the pressure ratio; for instance, when fouling caused a maximum increase of 145.75% in total pressure loss, the corresponding pressure ratio decreased by only 3.07%.
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图 2 NPU-A1叶栅型线及几何参数示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of NPU-A1 cascade profile and geometric parameters
图 4 不同积垢表面粗糙度的积垢叶型几何模型示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of fouling profile geometry model with different fouling roughness
图 5 不同积垢粗糙结构宽度的积垢叶型几何模型示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of fouling profile geometry model with different fouling roughness structure widths
图 6 干净叶栅数值结果与试验结果对比
Figure 6. Comparison of numerical results of clean cascade with experimental results
图 9 来流马赫数Main=0.5工况下粗糙积垢叶栅模型与等效沙砾模型的攻角特性曲线
Figure 9. Incidence characteristics of the model for the roughness fouling and the equivalent sand at Main=0.5
图 10 Main=0.5工况下粗糙积垢叶栅模型与等效沙砾模型的叶片表面等熵马赫数沿弦长分布
Figure 10. Isentropic Mach number distribution along the chord length of the roughness fouling model and the equivalent sand model at Main=0.5
图 11 Main=0.5工况下攻角i=−5°时粗糙积垢叶栅模型与等效沙砾模型的马赫数云图
Figure 11. Mach number cloud image of the roughness fouling model and the equivalent sand model for the case of i=−5°, Main=0.5
图 12 Main=0.5工况下攻角i=7°时粗糙积垢叶栅模型与等效沙砾模型的马赫数云图
Figure 12. Mach number cloud image of the roughness fouling model and the equivalent sand model for the case of i=7°, Main=0.5
图 13 Main=0.5时吸力面积垢表面粗糙度攻角特性曲线
Figure 13. Incidence characteristics of suction surfaces with different fouling roughness at Main=0.5
图 14 Main=0.5工况下吸力面不同表面粗糙度的等熵马赫数沿弦长分布
Figure 14. Isentropic Mach number distribution along the chord length of the suction surface with different fouling roughness structure heights at Main=0.5
图 15 Main=0.5工况下吸力面不同表面粗糙度的尾迹损失分布曲线
Figure 15. Distribution of wake loss for different fouling roughness on suction surface at Main=0.5
图 16 Main=0.5工况下攻角i=−5°时吸力面不同表面粗糙度的马赫数云图
Figure 16. Mach number cloud image of the suction surface with different fouling roughness for the case of i=−5°, Main=0.5
图 17 Main=0.5工况下攻角i=−5°时吸力面不同表面粗糙度间歇因子云图
Figure 17. Intermittency cloud image of the suction surface with different fouling roughness for the case of i=−5°, Main=0.5
图 18 Main=0.5工况下吸力面不同积垢粗糙结构宽度的攻角特性曲线
Figure 18. Incidence characteristics of suction surfaces with fouling roughness structure widths at Main=0.5
图 19 Main=0.5工况下吸力面不同积垢粗糙结构宽度的等熵马赫数沿弦长分布
Figure 19. Isentropic Mach number distribution along the chord length of the suction surface with different fouling roughness structure widths at Main=0.5
图 20 Main=0.5工况下吸力面不同积垢粗糙结构宽度的尾迹损失分布曲线
Figure 20. Distribution of wake loss for different fouling roughness structure widths on suction surface at Main=0.5
图 21 Main=0.5工况下攻角i=−5°时吸力面积垢粗糙结构宽度的马赫数云图
Figure 21. Mach number cloud image of the suction surface with different fouling roughness structure widths for the case of i=−5°, Main=0.5
图 22 Main=0.5工况下攻角i=−5°时吸力面不同积垢粗糙结构宽度间歇因子云图
Figure 22. Intermittency cloud image of the suction surface with different fouling roughness structure widths for the case of i=−5°, Main=0.5
表 1 叶栅几何设计参数
Table 1. Cascade geometry design parameters
参数 数值 前缘半径/mm 0.5205 尾缘半径/mm 0.5850 弦长/mm 69.9456 栅距/mm 30.4350 最大厚度/mm 3.5127 安装角/（°） 26.58 几何进气角/（°） 45.83 几何出气角/（°） 6.22 
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表 2 不同表面表面粗糙度控制参数Ak研究方案
Table 2. Research scheme of different fouling roughness control parameter Ak
工况 A1 A2 A3 w1 w2 w3 φ1 φ2 φ3 1 0.09 0.03 0.06 0.001 0.003 0.002 π/4 −3π/8 π/6 2 0.11 0.05 0.08 3 0.13 0.07 0.1
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表 3 不同积垢粗糙结构宽度控制参数wk研究方案
Table 3. Research scheme of different fouling roughness structure widths wk
工况 A1 A2 A3 w1 w2 w3 φ1 φ2 φ3 2 0.11 0.05 0.08 0.001 0.003 0.002 π/4 −3π/8 π/6 4 0.0015 0.0035 0.0025 5 0.002 0.004 0.003
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