Surge detection and control of cryogenic compressor considering real gas effects
-
摘要:
为获取低温轴流压缩机真实工质条件下的性能参数，建立基于真实工质的喘振检测与控制方法，计算给出了真实工质在全包线范围内的热力和热值，建立了基于真实工质的归一化折合模型，提出了防喘振簇线和性能参数裕度设置方法，建立了基于主、被动判定的喘振检测以及精细化降速、安全裕度自动修正等喘振控制方法。结果表明：真实工质与完全气体相比，热力和热值的最大偏差分别为6.94%和7.54%，折合质量流量和折合转速的最大偏差为5.41%和1.69%，必须考虑真实气体效应的影响；基于运行工况点真实运动轨迹设置的防喘振簇线可实现喘振的准确检测和裕度计算，控制策略满足安全运行所需。
Abstract:Surge detection and anti-surge control of cryogenic axial compressor based on real gas effects were studied. The thermodynamics and caloric of real working fluids with full envelope of cryogenic axial compressor were obtained by calculation, a normalized and corrected model based on real working fluids was developed. Methods of anti-surge cluster lines and performance parameters margin setting were proposed, both methods of surge detection based on initiative and passive determination and anti-surge control of meticulous deceleration and automatic revision of safety margin were developed. The results showed that: compared with ideal gas, the maximum deviations of thermodynamics and caloric of real working fluids were 6.94% and 7.54%, the maximum deviations of corrected mass flow and corrected speed were 5.41% and 1.69%, the influence of real gas effects must be considered obviously. The anti-surge cluster lines based on real motion trajectory of operation points were deemed as sufficient and necessary conditions of surge detection and margin calculation, and the strategies of anti-surge control could meet the requirements of safe operation.
-
图 4 低温轴流压缩机防喘振簇线修正
Figure 4. Revised anti-surge cluster lines of cryogenic axial compressor
图 5 各温度工况点下Z和k与p的拟合结果
Figure 5. Fitting results of Z and k with p in different temperature situations
图 6 各温度工况点下Z和k的最大拟合误差
Figure 6. Maximum fitting deviation of Z and k in different temperature situations
图 7 不同取值区间的Z和k最大偏差
Figure 7. Maximum deviation of Z and k in different temperature intervals
图 9 折合流量裕度和压比裕度计算
Figure 9. Margin calculation of corrected mass flow and pressure ratio
表 1 喘振控制验证状态
Table 1. Situation of surge control verification
状态 T0/K p0/kPa G0/（kg/s） n0/（r/min） Gr/（kg/s） nr/（r/min） ε 1 180.0 224.9 2440.1 269.5 875.3 335.3 1.0272 2 179.9 300.3 3886.4 324.4 1040.4 403.8 1.0407 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 喘振触发参数
Table 2. Parameters of surge occurrence
状态 Gr/（kg/s） ε εsap εasp 执行策略 1 614.2 1.0565 1.0499 1.0554 报警+控制+修正 2 758.2 1.0813 1.0720 1.0801 报警+控制+修正
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] ZHAO Hongliang, DU Juan, ZHANG Wenqiang, et al. A review on theoretical and numerical research of axial compressor surge[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2023, 32(1): 254-263. doi: 10.1007/s11630-022-1682-x [2] PAN Tianyu, YAN Zhaoqi, SUN Dakun, et al. Effect of system response on partial surge initiated instability in a transonic axial flow compressor[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2022, 35(2): 117-127. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2020.12.043 [3] 雷鹏飞, 周恩民, 胡运华. 连续式跨声速风洞与压缩机的气动性能匹配[J]. 航空动力学报, 2021, 36(2): 233-239. LEI Pengfei, ZHOU Enmin, HU Yunhua. Aerodynamic performance matching of continuous transonic wind tunnel and its driving compressor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(2): 233-239. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2021.02.002LEI Pengfei, ZHOU Enmin, HU Yunhua. Aerodynamic performance matching of continuous transonic wind tunnel and its driving compressor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2021, 36(2): 233-239. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2021.02.002 [4] YU Chenghai, MA Ning, WANG Kai, et al. A similitude method and the corresponding blade design of a low-speed large-scale axial compressor rotor[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2014, 23(2): 145-152. doi: 10.1007/s11630-014-0689-3 [5] SHENG Hanlin, CHEN Qian, ZHANG Jie, et al. A high-safety active/passive hybrid control approach for compressor surge based on nonlinear model predictive control[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2023, 36(1): 396-412. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2022.08.021 [6] GU G, SPARKS A, BANDA S S. An overview of rotating stall and surge control for axial flow compressors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 1999, 7(6): 639-647. doi: 10.1109/87.799664 [7] 刘嘉诚, 周正贵. 提高超声速压气机级喘振裕度方法研究[J]. 推进技术, 2019, 40(8): 1780-1791. LIU Jiacheng, ZHOU Zhenggui. Study of improving surge margin for a supersonic compressor stage[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2019, 40(8): 1780-1791. (in Chinese doi: 10.13675/j.cnki.tjjs.180550LIU Jiacheng, ZHOU Zhenggui. Study of improving surge margin for a supersonic compressor stage[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2019, 40(8): 1780-1791. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13675/j.cnki.tjjs.180550 [8] CAO Qiang, LUAN Mingkai, LI Peng, et al. A critical review of real gas effects on the regenerative refrigerators[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2021, 30(3): 782-806. doi: 10.1007/s11630-020-1381-4 [9] GRASSO F, CAPANO G. Modeling of ionizing hypersonic flows in nonequilibrium[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 1995, 32(2): 217-224. doi: 10.2514/3.26599 [10] GNOFFO P A, GUPTA R N, SHINN J L. Conservation equations and physical models for hypersonic air flows in thermal and chemical nonequilibrium[R]. NASA TP2867, 1989. [11] EPSTEIN P S. Textbook of thermodynamics[M]. New York, US: Wiley, 1937. [12] MODEST M F, TIEN C L. Analysis of real-gas and matrix-conduction effects in cyclic cryogenic regenerators[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1973, 95(2): 199-205. doi: 10.1115/1.3450026 [13] JACOBSEN R T, STEWART R B, JAHANGIRI M. Thermodynamic properties of nitrogen from the freezing line to 2 000 K at pressures to 1 000 MPa[J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1986, 15(2): 735-909. doi: 10.1063/1.555754 [14] BALTADJIEV N D, LETTIERI C, SPAKOVSZKY Z S. An investigation of real gas effects in supercritical CO2 centrifugal compressors[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2015, 137(9): 091003. doi: 10.1115/1.4029616 [15] OSWALD J, DEMARGNE A, BOUSQUET J. Hypersonic laminar computations of separated flows with account of real gas effects[R]. AIAA-1995-2271, 1995. [16] LONGO J M A, RADESPIEL R. Flap efficiency and heating of a winged re-entry vehicle[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 1996, 33(2): 178-184. doi: 10.2514/3.26738 [17] 黄知龙, 王宁, 史志伟, 等. 低温跨声速风洞设计中的真实气体效应研究[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2023, 45(1): 110-116. HUANG Zhilong, WANG Ning, SHI Zhiwei, et al. Real-gas effects research associated with cryogenic transonic wind tunnel[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2023, 45(1): 110-116. (in Chinese doi: 10.11887/j.cn.202301012HUANG Zhilong, WANG Ning, SHI Zhiwei, et al. Real-gas effects research associated with cryogenic transonic wind tunnel[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2023, 45(1): 110-116. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11887/j.cn.202301012 [18] RAY E J, LADSON C L, ADCOCK J B, et al. Review of design and operational characteristics of the 0.3 meter transonic cryogenic tunnel[R]. NASA 79-80123, 1979. [19] ADCOCK J B, KILGORE R A, RAY E J. Cryogenic nitrogen as a transonic wind-tunnel test gas[R]. AIAA-1975-0143, 1975. [20] LEE J, KUK CHO S, LEE J I. The effect of real gas approximations on S-CO2 compressor design[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2018, 140(5): 051007. doi: 10.1115/1.4038879 [21] 曹润, 李志刚, 邓清华, 等. 超临界二氧化碳离心压气机设计和气动性能研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2020, 54(4): 44-52. CAO Run, LI Zhigang, DENG Qinghua, et al. Design and aerodynamic performance investigation of supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2020, 54(4): 44-52. (in ChineseCAO Run, LI Zhigang, DENG Qinghua, et al. Design and aerodynamic performance investigation of supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2020, 54(4): 44-52. (in Chinese) [22] 邹正平, 王一帆, 姚李超, 等. 超临界二氧化碳闭式布莱顿循环系统研究进展[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2022, 48(9): 1643-1677. ZOU Zhengping, WANG Yifan, YAO Lichao, et al. Progress in research of closed supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022, 48(9): 1643-1677. (in Chinese doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0196ZOU Zhengping, WANG Yifan, YAO Lichao, et al. Progress in research of closed supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022, 48(9): 1643-1677. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0196 [23] 许恒杰, 宋鹏云. 实际气体效应影响干气密封性能的研究进展[J]. 流体机械, 2019, 47(1): 36-42. XU Hengjie, SONG Pengyun. Progress in research on the performance of dry gas seal considering real gas effect[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2019, 47(1): 36-42. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2019.01.007XU Hengjie, SONG Pengyun. Progress in research on the performance of dry gas seal considering real gas effect[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2019, 47(1): 36-42. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2019.01.007 [24] WILL M E, DE WAELE A T A M. Ideal pulse-tube refrigerators with real gases[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 98(4): 044911. doi: 10.1063/1.2011777 [25] MCKINNEY L W, BRUCE W E, GLOSS B B. National transonic facility status[R]. Hampton, US: NASA Langley Research Center, N91-24133, 1989. [26] QUEST J. ETW-high quality test performance in cryogenic environment[R]. AIAA-2000-2206, 2000. [27] 李玲玉, 宫武旗, 刘立军, 等. 压气机模化中叶顶间隙对气动性能影响的数值研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2021, 55(8): 18-24. LI Lingyu, GONG Wuqi, LIU Lijun, et al. Numerical investigation for effect of tip clearance on aerodynamic performance in compressor modeling process[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2021, 55(8): 18-24. (in ChineseLI Lingyu, GONG Wuqi, LIU Lijun, et al. Numerical investigation for effect of tip clearance on aerodynamic performance in compressor modeling process[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2021, 55(8): 18-24. (in Chinese) [28] 周恩民, 张文, 闫羽佳, 等. 考虑真实气体效应的低温轴流压缩机性能参数归一化方法: CN117851765B[P]. 2024-05-10. [29] 朱旺. 高压低温氢气流动特性研究[D]. 北京: 中国运载火箭技术研究院, 2019. ZHU Wang. Study on flow characteristics of high pressure and low temperature hydrogen[D]. Beijing: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, 2019. (in ChineseZHU Wang. Study on flow characteristics of high pressure and low temperature hydrogen[D]. Beijing: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, 2019. (in Chinese) [30] 王玉东. 基于压气机出口静压变化率的喘振检测方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2020, 35(6): 1131-1139. WANG Yudong. Surge detection method based on rate of change of compressor discharge static pressure[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2020, 35(6): 1131-1139. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2020.06.002WANG Yudong. Surge detection method based on rate of change of compressor discharge static pressure[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2020, 35(6): 1131-1139. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2020.06.002 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 244
- HTML浏览量: 110
- PDF量: 37
- 被引次数: 0