Experimental study on leakage characteristics and structural optimization of combined elastic metal seal
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摘要:
为探究组合式弹性金属密封泄漏特性相关影响因素，本文理论分析了组合式弹性金属密封工作原理，设计并搭建组合式弹性金属密封泄漏特性实验装置，探究组合式弹性金属密封泄漏特性的影响因素，并针对影响因素对组合式弹性金属密封结构进行优化，进一步对优化结构进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：在O形圈补充弹性片弹性力的实验阶段，组合式弹性金属密封泄漏量随压缩量增加而增大，随腔室压力增大而增大，经计算发动机特性曲线，组合式弹性金属密封内部流场主要在压比为1.5～2时发生明显变化，在压比为2后内部流场逐渐趋于稳定。综合原始结构的实验结果，可以从提高弹性片的弹性势能以及销钉与U形槽接触处的间隙两方面优化组合式弹性金属密封结构。优化结构从弹性片宽度、弹性片结构以及销钉与U形槽接触处进行了改进，优化后泄漏量较初始实验结果减少29.87%，优化后有效流通面积较初始实验结果减少22.98%，可以说明优化后的组合式弹性金属可以明显减少泄漏，达到更好的封严效果。
Abstract:In order to explore the related factors affecting the leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal, this paper theoretically analyzed the working principle and leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal, designed and built a combined elastic metal seal leakage characteristics experiment platform to explore the factors affecting the leakage characteristics of the combined elastic metal seal, and optimized the structure of the combined elastic metal seal according to the influencing factors. The optimized structure is further verified by experiments. The results show that the leakage of the combined elastic metal seal increases with the increase of compression and the increase of chamber pressure. The calculation of engine characteristic curve shows that the internal flow field of the combined elastic metal seal changes obviously at the pressure ratio of 1.5—2, and gradually becomes stable after the pressure ratio of 2. Based on the experimental results of the original structure, the combined elastic metal seal structure can be optimized by improving the elastic potential energy of the elastic sheet and the gap between the pin and the U-shaped groove. The optimized structure is improved from the width of the elastic sheet, the thickness of the sealing sheet and the contact point between the pin and the U-shaped groove. The optimized leakage is reduced by 29.87% and the optimized effective flow area is reduced by 22.98% compared with the initial experimental results, which indicates that the optimized combined elastic metal can significantly reduce the leakage and achieve better sealing effect.
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图 6 组合式弹性金属密封实验件位置图
Figure 6. Location diagram of combined elastic metal seal experimental piece
图 10 对比第1、2阶段泄漏量变化趋势
Figure 10. Comparison of experimental data in the first and second stages
图 11 第2阶段泄漏量变化趋势
Figure 11. Leakage quantity changes with the compression quantity and pressure ratio
图 14 优化前后弹性片结构
Figure 14. Optimize the structure of the elastic sheet before and after optimization
图 15 优化前后实验件力学特性计算结果
Figure 15. Results of mechanical properties calculation before and after optimization
图 18 优化前后压缩量为0 mm时流量函数变化趋势
Figure 18. Change trend of flow function under non-compression before and after optimization
图 19 优化前后压缩量为0 mm时有效流通面积对比
Figure 19. Comparison of effective flow area under non-compression before and after optimization
表 1 实验工况
Table 1. Experimental condition
实验阶段 参数 参数范围 阶段Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ 进口压力/MPa 0.15～0.3 压缩量d/mm 0～0.4 
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