不同挡肩结构双列圆锥滚子轴承温度特性分析

朱文林; 唐鑫; 朱如鹏; 李发家; 陆凤霞; 刘卫真

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240511

不同挡肩结构双列圆锥滚子轴承温度特性分析

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240511

朱文林^{1, 2},
唐鑫^{1, 2},
朱如鹏^1,*, ,,
李发家³,
陆凤霞¹,
刘卫真²

1.
南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室，南京 210016
2.
中国航发湖南动力机械研究所直升机动力学全国重点实验室，湖南株洲 412002
3.
济南大学机械工程学院，济南 250022

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（J2019-Ⅲ-0023-0067）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（52075241）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱文林（1986-），男，高级工程师，博士生，主要从事直升机传动系统设计及航空齿轮材料等方面研究

通讯作者:
朱如鹏（1959-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事直升机传动系统研究。E-mail：rpzhu@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V233.1；TH117.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-22
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-09

Analysis on temperature characteristics in double-row tapered roller bearings with different rib structures

ZHU Wenlin^{1, 2},
TANG Xin^{1, 2},
ZHU Rupeng^{1,*
, ,},
LI Fajia³,
LU Fengxia¹,
LIU Weizhen²

1.
National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics，Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute，Aero Engine corporation of China，Zhuzhou Hunan 412002，China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering，University of Jinan，Jinan 250022，China

摘要

摘要:
针对两种不同挡肩结构的圆锥滚子轴承，建立了CFD数值仿真模型，开展了充分润滑状态和失油状态下轴承发热量计算以及温度特性研究，探索了不同润滑油质量流量和转速下轴承温度分布规律，并开展了轴承干运转对比验证试验。研究结果表明：充分润滑状态下外挡肩结构轴承各零件温度均低于内挡肩结构轴承，轴承滑油体积分数与温度呈负相关关系，与表面传热系数并不是严格的正比关系，随着转速的提高轴承腔内各零件表面的温度呈上升趋势；失油状态下外挡肩结构轴承腔内温度较内挡肩结构轴承低，外挡肩结构轴承的干运转能力较内挡肩结构轴承强，最高温度出现在大滚子壁面上，随着干运转时间的延长，轴承的失效从大滚子挡肩处开始。
- 双列圆锥滚子轴承 /
- 失油润滑 /
- 发热量 /
- 温度特性 /
- 干运转能力
Abstract:
The CFD numerical simulation calculation model was established for two different types of tapered roller bearings with different rib structures. The heat generation calculation and temperature characteristics of the bearings under fully lubricated and oil loss states were studied. The temperature distribution law of the bearings under different inlet lubricating oil flow rates and different speeds was explored, and dry operation comparative verification experiments were carried out. The research results showed that the temperature of each part of the outer rib structure bearing was lower than that of the inner rib structure bearing under fully lubricated state; the volume fraction of bearing lubricating oil was negatively correlated with temperature, but not strictly proportional to the convective heat transfer coefficient; as the rotational speed increased, the temperature of each part of the bearing cavity surface showed an upward trend; in the state of oil loss, the temperature inside the bearing chamber of the outer rib structure was lower than that of the inner rib structure bearing. The dry running ability of the outer rib structure bearing was stronger than that of the inner rib structure bearing, and the highest temperature occurred on the wall of the large roller. As the dry running time increased, the failure of the bearing began at the edge of the large roller.
- double-row tapered roller bearing /
- loss of lubrication /
- calorific value /
- temperature characteristics /
- dry operation capablity

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图 1 某型减速器结构图

Figure 1. Structural of a decelerator

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图 2 直接测试法模型

Figure 2. Model of direct testing method

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图 3 效率测试试验

Figure 3. Efficiency testing experiment

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图 4 入口油量与滑油体积分数、生热量关系

Figure 4. Relationship between inlet lubricating oil flow rate, oil volume fraction and heat generation

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图 5 MRF的坐标变换原理

Figure 5. Coordinate transformation principle of MRF

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图 6 简化后的双列圆锥滚子轴承模型

Figure 6. Simplified double-row tapered roller bearing model

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图 7 两种结构轴承的网格划分

Figure 7. Meshing for the bearings of two structures

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图 8 热源施加位置

Figure 8. Location of heat source application

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图 9 两种不同挡肩结构轴承大、小滚子温度分布图

Figure 9. Temperature distribution diagram of large and small rollers of two different shoulder bearings

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图 10 外挡肩结构轴承大滚子滑油体积分数与温度相关性

Figure 10. Correlation between lubricating oil volume fraction and temperature of the large roller of the external rib bearing

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图 11 内挡肩结构轴承小滚子滑油体积分数与温度相关性

Figure 11. Correlation between lubricating oil volume fraction and temperature of the small roller of the inner rib bearing

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图 12 内挡肩结构轴承大滚子滑油体积分数与导热系数相关性

Figure 12. Correlation between lubricating oil volume fraction and thermal conductivity of large roller of inner rib bearing

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图 13 不同转速下轴承各部件温度分布

Figure 13. Temperature distributions of bearing components at different speeds

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图 14 两种结构轴承各零件入口油量和温度相关性

Figure 14. Correlation between inlet lubricating oil flow rates and temperature of two bearing components

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图 15 轴承测温位置

Figure 15. Bearing temperature measure location

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图 16 试验过程图

Figure 16. Experimental process diagram

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图 17 外挡肩结构轴承试验后图

Figure 17. Diagram of external rib bearing after test

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图 18 内挡肩结构轴承试验后图

Figure 18. Diagram of inner rib bearing after test

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表 1 失油过程中入口油量的离散节点划分

Table 1. Discrete node division of inlet lubricating oil flow rate during oil loss process

节点序号	入口油量/ （kg/s）	节点序号	入口油量/ （kg/s）
1	0.0200	9	0.0032
2	0.0160	10	0.0025
3	0.0126	11	0.0020
4	0.0100	12	0.0016
5	0.0080	13	0.0013
6	0.0063	14	0.0010
7	0.0050	15	0.0008
8	0.0040

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表 2 双列圆锥滚子轴承主要参数

Table 2. Main parameters of double-row tapered roller bearings

参数	数值
小滚子数	21
大滚子数	19
外圈宽度/mm	53
小滚子侧内圈宽度/mm	24
大滚子侧内圈宽度/mm	35
内圈直径/mm	66
外圈直径/mm	115
注油口	6×ϕ2 mm（均布）

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表 3 两种结构轴承的网格质量

Table 3. Mesh quality parameters for the bearings

结构	单元数	平均偏度	最大偏度
外挡肩	6 636 624	0.2443	0.7991
内挡肩	6 977 547	0.2441	0.7994

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表 4 充分润滑状态轴承最高温度

Table 4. Maximum temperature of bearing under sufficient lubrication

位置	温度/℃
位置	外挡肩结构	内挡肩结构
大滚子	90.99	96.88
小滚子	87.8	88.13
内圈	67.99	69.64
外圈	67.70	70.65

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