基于光纤传感的航空发动机涡轮转子温度-应变复合信号测量方法

冯迪; 孙君如; 魏鹏; 贾真

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250068

基于光纤传感的航空发动机涡轮转子温度-应变复合信号测量方法

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250068

冯迪^1,,
孙君如^1,*, ,,
魏鹏²,
贾真³

1.
北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院，北京 100191
3.
中国航空发动机集团有限公司中国航空发动机研究院，北京 101304

基金项目: 科技部“十四五”国家重点研发计划智能传感器重点专项（2022YFB3207500）；国家重点研发计划（2024YFC3014204）

详细信息

作者简介:
冯迪（1972-），男，副教授，博士，主要从事光纤传感研究方向。E-mail：fengdi@buaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙君如（2000-），女，硕士生，主要从事光纤传感研究方向。E-mail：SJR202501@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231
计量
- 文章访问数: 392
- HTML浏览量: 384
- PDF量: 41
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-04

Measurement method of temperature-strain composite signal of turbine rotor in aero-engine based on fiber optic sensing

FENG Di^1
,,
SUN Junru^{1,*
, ,},
WEI Peng²,
JIA Zhen³

1.
School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
3.
Aero Engine Academy of China，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Beijing 101304，China

摘要

摘要:
采用光纤光栅传感器串、高速光纤滑环、高速光栅信号解调算法相结合搭建实验系统；提出基于无偏风险估计阈值的小波域信号去噪方法，解决发动机试车数据中存在的各种噪声的干扰，提高信号处理质量；提出多级离散小波变换对光纤光栅采集到的温度-应变复合信号解耦。研究结果表明：搭建的解调系统可以实现发动机17000 r/min信号稳定采集，该转速下的应变和温度信号实现分离，温度变化从叶底到叶顶逐渐增大，叶片背风面前缘应变变化最为显著。
- 光纤光栅传感器 /
- 高速光纤滑环 /
- 发动机涡轮转子 /
- 多级离散小波变换 /
- 信号解耦
Abstract:
An experimental system was established by integrating fiber Bragg grating sensor strings, high-speed optical slip rings, and fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation algorithms. A wavelet domain signal denoising method based on unbiased risk estimation threshold was proposed to address the interference of various noises in the engine test data and improve the quality of signal processing. A multi-level discrete wavelet transform was proposed to decouple the temperature-strain composite signals from the fiber Bragg grating. The research results showed that the demodulation system can stably collect signals at 17 000 r/min, with the strain and temperature signals successfully separated. The temperature gradually increased from the blade root to the blade tip, with the most significant strain changes occurring at the leading edge of the blade's windward surface.
- fiber Bragg grating sensor /
- high-speed optical fiber slip ring /
- engine turbine rotor /
- multi-level discrete wavelet transform /
- signal decoupling

HTML

图 1 光纤光栅工作原理图

Figure 1. Working principle of fiber Bragg grating

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 实验系统示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the test system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 涡轮转子光纤光栅传感器串布线

Figure 3. Turbine rotor fiber Bragg grating sensor string wiring

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 光纤光栅粘贴实物

Figure 4. Fiber Bragg grating paste physical objects

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 转子系统动平衡实验

Figure 5. Dynamic balancing test of rotor system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 系统功能构架

Figure 6. System functional architecture

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 复合信号分离软件界面

Figure 7. Composite signal separation software interface

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 发动机转速变化

Figure 8. Engine speed changes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 FBG1～FBG7光纤光栅传感器变化

Figure 9. FBG1—FBG7 fiber Bragg grating sensor changes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同小波基函数和分解层次下的RMSE和SNR

Figure 10. RMSE and SNR under different wavelet basis functions and decomposition levels

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 FBG1各级逼近信号图

Figure 11. FBG1 level approach signal diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 FBG1各级细节信号图

Figure 12. FBG1 level detail signal diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 FBG各级细节信号频谱图

Figure 13. FBG detail signal spectrum at all levels

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 FBG1温度变化

Figure 14. FBG1 temperature changes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 FBG1～FBG7实验测量温度变化

Figure 15. Experimental measurement of temperature changes in FBG1—FBG7

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 FBG1～FBG7实验测量应变变化

Figure 16. Experimental measurement of strain changes in FBG1—FBG7

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 分解层数10下不同小波基函数RMSE和SNR

Table 1. Decompose different wavelet basis functions RMSE and SNR with 10 layers

小波基	RMSE	SNR/dB
sym4	0.0129	101.4048
sym6	0.0129	101.4329
sym8	0.0130	101.3668
db7	0.0133	101.1814
db8	0.0131	101.2884
db10	0.0135	101.0570

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 FBG1～FBG7温度和应变变化

Table 2. Temperature and strain changes of FBG1—FBG7

编号	初始波长/nm	温度最大值/℃	应变变化范围/10⁻⁶
FBG1	1514.0628	347.37	−497.74～359.56
FBG2	1524.8645	419.87	−292.13～98.03
FBG3	1535.9614	463.31	−327.17～106.26
FBG4	1546.7165	496.51	−457.44～273.72
FBG5	1557.4377	497.77	−197.65～996.61
FBG6	1570.1508	465.70	−451.93～2341.71
FBG7	1579.7771	82.92	−28.66～5.41

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(25)

[1]	林京, 张博瑶, 张大义, 等. 航空燃气涡轮发动机故障诊断研究现状与展望[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(8): 626565. LIN Jing, ZHANG Boyao, ZHANG Dayi, et al. Research status and prospect of fault diagnosis for gas turbine aeroengine[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(8): 626565. (in Chinese LIN Jing, ZHANG Boyao, ZHANG Dayi, et al. Research status and prospect of fault diagnosis for gas turbine aeroengine[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(8): 626565. (in Chinese)
[2]	邹仕军, 王雪婷, 杜新悦. 光纤光栅(FBG)传感器在飞行试验应变测量中的应用[J]. 自动化应用, 2023(9): 201-203. ZOU Shijun, WANG Xueting, DU Xinyue. Application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor in flight test strain measurement[J]. Automation Application, 2023(9): 201-203. (in Chinese ZOU Shijun, WANG Xueting, DU Xinyue. Application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor in flight test strain measurement[J]. Automation Application, 2023(9): 201-203. (in Chinese)
[3]	杨润涛. 基于光纤传感的高超声速飞行器表面温度、应变及压力监测技术研究[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2020. YANG Runtao. Research on surface temperature, strain, and pressure monitoring technology of hypersonic vehicles based on fiber optic sensing [D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese YANG Runtao. Research on surface temperature, strain, and pressure monitoring technology of hypersonic vehicles based on fiber optic sensing [D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese)
[4]	李晗, 张波涛, 王俊杰, 等. 光纤光栅传感器振动与温度信号解耦[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(2): 214-222. LI Han, ZHANG Botao, WANG Junjie, et al. Decoupling of vibration and temperature signals of fiber Bragg grating sensor[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56(2): 214-222. (in Chinese LI Han, ZHANG Botao, WANG Junjie, et al. Decoupling of vibration and temperature signals of fiber Bragg grating sensor[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56(2): 214-222. (in Chinese)
[5]	周祖德, 谭跃刚, 刘明尧, 等. 机械系统光纤光栅分布动态监测与诊断的现状与发展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2013, 49(19): 55-69. ZHOU Zude, TAN Yuegang, LIU Mingyao, et al. Actualities and development on dynamic monitoring and diagnosis with distributed fiber Bragg grating in mechanical systems[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(19): 55-69. (in Chinese doi: 10.3901/JME.2013.19.055 ZHOU Zude, TAN Yuegang, LIU Mingyao, et al. Actualities and development on dynamic monitoring and diagnosis with distributed fiber Bragg grating in mechanical systems[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(19): 55-69. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2013.19.055
[6]	ZHOU Zude, LIU Quan, AI Qingsong, et al. Intelligent monitoring and diagnosis for modern mechanical equipment based on the integration of embedded technology and FBGS technology[J]. Measurement, 2011, 44(9): 1499-1511. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.05.018
[7]	ZHOU Zude, JIANG Desheng, ZHANG Dongsheng. Digital monitoring for heavy duty mechanical equipment based on fiber Bragg grating sensor[J]. Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 2009, 52(2): 285-293. doi: 10.1007/s11431-009-0045-0
[8]	万小军, 唐家祥. 光纤光栅温度和应变的同时测量[J]. 湖南城建高等专科学校学报, 2003, 12(2): 42-43. WAN Xiaojun, TANG Jiaxiang. How to achieve simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain of fiber optic cable[J]. Journal of Hunan Urban Construction College, 2003, 12(2): 42-43. (in Chinese WAN Xiaojun, TANG Jiaxiang. How to achieve simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain of fiber optic cable[J]. Journal of Hunan Urban Construction College, 2003, 12(2): 42-43. (in Chinese)
[9]	蒋熙馨. 旋转叶片动应变FBG分布式检测及振动估计研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2014. JIANG Xixin. Research on dynamic strain fbg distributed detection and vibration estimation of rotating blades [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese JIANG Xixin. Research on dynamic strain fbg distributed detection and vibration estimation of rotating blades [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
[10]	刘繄, 李志强, 谭跃刚, 等. 光纤光栅高温应变测量及工作温区调控方法[J]. 压电与声光, 2023, 45(4): 579-583. LIU Yi, LI Zhiqiang, TAN Yuegang, et al. High temperature strain measurement and working temperature zone regulation method of fiber Bragg grating[J]. Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics, 2023, 45(4): 579-583. (in Chinese LIU Yi, LI Zhiqiang, TAN Yuegang, et al. High temperature strain measurement and working temperature zone regulation method of fiber Bragg grating[J]. Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics, 2023, 45(4): 579-583. (in Chinese)
[11]	王雯珍, 刘月明. FBG应变传感器温度交叉敏感补偿技术研究[J]. 光电技术应用, 2014, 29(2): 51. WANG Wenzhen, LIU Yueming. Research on temperature cross sensitivity compensation technology of FBG strain sensor[J]. Electro-Optic Technology Application, 2014, 29(2): 51. (in Chinese WANG Wenzhen, LIU Yueming. Research on temperature cross sensitivity compensation technology of FBG strain sensor[J]. Electro-Optic Technology Application, 2014, 29(2): 51. (in Chinese)
[12]	LIU Ningliang, LI Yuhua, WANG Ying, et al. Bending insensitive sensors for strain and temperature measurements with Bragg gratings in Bragg fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(15): 13880-13891. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.013880
[13]	孟展, 陈瑞霞, 金何, 等. 基于双材料悬臂梁的光纤光栅应力与温度传感器[J]. 光电子激光, 2011, 22(3): 343-346. MENG Zhan, CHEN Ruixia, JIN He, et al. FBG strain and temperature sensor based on double-material cantilever beam[J]. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser, 2011, 22(3): 343-346. (in Chinese MENG Zhan, CHEN Ruixia, JIN He, et al. FBG strain and temperature sensor based on double-material cantilever beam[J]. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser, 2011, 22(3): 343-346. (in Chinese)
[14]	王宏亮, 邬华春, 冯德全, 等. 高温高压油气井下光纤光栅传感器的应用研究[J]. 光电子激光, 2011, 22(1): 16-19. WANG Hongliang, WU Huachun, FENG Dequan, et al. Research on the FBG sensor used for high temperature-pressure wells[J]. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser, 2011, 22(1): 16-19. (in Chinese WANG Hongliang, WU Huachun, FENG Dequan, et al. Research on the FBG sensor used for high temperature-pressure wells[J]. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser, 2011, 22(1): 16-19. (in Chinese)
[15]	HUANG Jun, ZHOU Zude, WEN Xiaoyan, et al. A diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor with temperature compensation[J]. Measurement, 2013, 46(3): 1041-1046. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2012.10.010
[16]	ZHAO Yong, LIAO Yanbiao. Discrimination methods and demodulation techniques for fiber Bragg grating sensors[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2004, 41(1): 1-18. doi: 10.1016/S0143-8166(02)00117-3
[17]	刘汉平, 何西坤, 崔洪亮, 等. 参考光栅法分离FBG温度和应变测量的误差分析[J]. 计量技术, 2007, 51(1): 39-41. LIU Hanping, HE Xikun, CUI Hongliang, et al. Error analysis of FBG temperature and strain measurement by reference grating method[J]. Measurement Technique, 2007, 51(1): 39-41. (in Chinese LIU Hanping, HE Xikun, CUI Hongliang, et al. Error analysis of FBG temperature and strain measurement by reference grating method[J]. Measurement Technique, 2007, 51(1): 39-41. (in Chinese)
[18]	魏世明, 柴敬, 邓明. 相似模拟实验中光纤光栅传感测试的温度补偿[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2007, 27(4): 565-568. WEI Shiming, CHAI Jing, DENG Ming. Temperature compensation for FBGs in simulation experiments[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2007, 27(4): 565-568. (in Chinese WEI Shiming, CHAI Jing, DENG Ming. Temperature compensation for FBGs in simulation experiments[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2007, 27(4): 565-568. (in Chinese)
[19]	顾铮, 邓传鲁. 镀膜光纤光栅应用与发展[J]. 中国激光, 2009, 36(6): 1317-1326. GU Zheng, DENG Chuanlu. Application and development of coated fiber grating[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2009, 36(6): 1317-1326. (in Chinese doi: 10.3788/CJL20093606.1317 GU Zheng, DENG Chuanlu. Application and development of coated fiber grating[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2009, 36(6): 1317-1326. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/CJL20093606.1317
[20]	中国人民解放军国防科技大学. 一种基于金属嵌入式光纤高温应变传感器的毁伤评估系统: CN202310599200.2[P]. 2023-08-25. National University of Defense Technology, PLA. A damage assessment system based on metal embedded fiber optic high-temperature strain sensor: CN202310599200.2 [P]. 2023-08-25. (in Chinese National University of Defense Technology, PLA. A damage assessment system based on metal embedded fiber optic high-temperature strain sensor: CN202310599200.2 [P]. 2023-08-25. (in Chinese)
[21]	李维善. 光纤Bragg光栅应变测量中温度分离和补偿的研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2009. LI Weishan. Research on temperature separation and compensation in fiber Bragg grating strain measurement [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2009. (in Chinese LI Weishan. Research on temperature separation and compensation in fiber Bragg grating strain measurement [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2009. (in Chinese)
[22]	LI L, DONG X, SHAO L, et al. Temperature-independent acceleration measurement with a strain-chirped fiber Bragg grating[J]. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 2010, 12(8): 1666-1669.
[23]	WANG J, WANG Z, LI J, et al. Multilevel wavelet decomposition network for interpretable time series analysis[C]// Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. London: ACM, 2018: 2437-2446.
[24]	于广增. 基于深度学习的轴承故障检测的研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江理工大学, 2023. YU Guangzeng. Research on bearing fault detection based on deep learning[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2023. (in Chinese YU Guangzeng. Research on bearing fault detection based on deep learning[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2023. (in Chinese)
[25]	刘铁箭. 压气机叶片轮盘系统振动特性分析与减振优化研究[D]. 辽宁锦州: 辽宁工业大学, 2016. LIU Tiejian. Vibration characteristics analysis and vibration reduction optimization of compressor blade disk system[D]. Jinzhou Liaoning: Liaoning University of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese LIU Tiejian. Vibration characteristics analysis and vibration reduction optimization of compressor blade disk system[D]. Jinzhou Liaoning: Liaoning University of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)