Numerical study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of octahedral truss microlattice array thermal shields
-
摘要:
针对加力燃烧室高热负荷环境下的热防护难题，提出一种基于八面体桁架微元阵列的新型热防护结构，系统揭示了内部流动传热特性与作用机制，并针对冷却剂非均匀出流特点提出间断布局的优化方案。研究分析了不同微元尺寸、孔隙率、孔径及冷气参数对热防护结构表面温度分布的影响规律，结果表明：孔隙率为47.6%的结构相比孔隙率为58.4%的结构可使壁面综合冷却效率提升2.75%；氦气作为冷却工质时展现出最佳冷却性能，其壁面综合冷却效率较氮气和空气分别提升7.99%和11.20%；间断发散冷却结构在实现相同冷却效果的情况下，冷却剂质量流量可减少约28.6%。证明通过优化微元结构及布局与冷却工质参数，可显著提升冷却系统的整体性能，为高效热防护结构的设计提供重要的理论指导。
Abstract:To address the thermal protection challenges in extreme thermal load environment of afterburner combustion chambers, a novel thermal protection structure based on an octahedral truss microlattice array was proposed. The research systematically elucidated the internal flow and heat transfer characteristics along with their underlying mechanisms. An optimized segmented configuration was developed to accommodate the non-uniform outflow distribution of coolant. The effects of key parameters, including microlattice size, porosity, and pore diameter, on surface temperature distribution were comprehensively investigated. The results indicated that the structure with a porosity of 47.6% can enhance the overall cooling effectiveness of the wall surface by 2.75% compared with the structure with a porosity of 58.4%. Helium, as the cooling medium, exhibited the best cooling performance, with its comprehensive cooling efficiency on the wall surface being increased by 7.99% and 11.20% compared with nitrogen and air, respectively; the segmented transpiration structure enabled 28.6% reduction in coolant flow rate while maintaining equivalent cooling effectiveness. This study confirmed that optimized microlattice architecture combined with coolant parameter selection can significantly enhance overall cooling system performance, thus providing crucial theoretical guidance for designing high-efficiency thermal protection structures.
-
图 2 不同尺寸参数的八面体桁架结构
Figure 2. Octahedral truss structures with different size parameters
图 3 基于八面微元结构的连续/间断发散结构尺寸示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 3. Dimensional schematic of continuous/interrupted divergent structure based on an eight-sided microelement structure （unit：mm）
图 4 基于八面体桁架结构的发散冷却计算模型
Figure 4. Computational model of divergent cooling based on octahedral truss structure
图 6 壁面温度在不同网格条件下的分布
Figure 6. Distribution of wall temperature under different grid conditions
图 7 数值仿真结果与实验数据的对比
Figure 7. Comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data
图 8 八面体微元结构局部流动状态图
Figure 8. Localized flow state diagram of octahedral microelement structure
图 9 基于八面体微元阵列的发散结构速度分布
Figure 9. Velocity distribution of an divergent structure based on an array of octahedral microelements
图 10 八面体阵列发散结构不同切面速度分布
Figure 10. Velocity distribution in different sections of an octahedral array divergent structure
图 11 不同发散结构主流侧壁面沿程展向平均温度分布
Figure 11. Distribution of average temperature along the spreading direction of the mainstream side wall surface with different divergent structures
图 12 不同发散结构主流侧壁面平均综合冷却效率图
Figure 12. Diagram of average comprehensive cooling efficiency on the mainstream side wall surface with different divergent structures
图 13 不同发散结构下计算域温度分布云图
Figure 13. Cloud view of temperature distribution in the computational domain with different divergent structures
图 14 不同流量条件下主流侧壁面温度分布
Figure 14. Temperature distribution of the side wall surface of the mainstream under different flow conditions
图 15 不同流量条件下主流侧壁面综合冷却效率分布
Figure 15. Distribution of comprehensive cooling efficiency on the side wall surface of the mainstream under different flow conditions
图 16 不同流量条件下发散结构前后段综合冷却效率差值图
Figure 16. Plot of the comprehensive cooling efficiency difference between the front and rear sections of the divergent structure under different flow conditions
图 17 不同工质条件下发散结构壁面温度分布
Figure 17. Temperature distribution of wall surface of divergent structure under different working conditions
图 18 0.48 MPa下冷却剂密度与比定压热容随温度的变化曲线
Figure 18. Variation curves of coolant density and specific heat capacity with temperature at 0.48 MPa
图 19 冷却剂为氦气和氮气时体积分数云图
Figure 19. Volume fraction cloud of coolant for helium and nitrogen
图 20 间断发散结构不同流量下主流侧壁面温度分布
Figure 20. Temperature distribution of mainstream side wall surface with different flow rates of intermittent divergent structure
图 21 间断发散结构不同流量下主流侧壁面冷却剂速度分布
Figure 21. Coolant velocity distribution of the mainstream side wall surface with different flow rates of intermittent divergent structure
表 1 发散结构变量范围
Table 1. Scope of diffuse structural variables
参数 数值 结构1（M1） 结构2（M2） 结构3（M3） 结构4（M4） 微元结构尺寸/mm 0.42 0.42 0.57 0.42 孔隙率/% 58.4 47.6 58.4 58.4 单元体积/mm3 0.42×0.42×0.42 0.42×0.42×0.42 0.57×0.57×0.57 0.42×0.42×0.42 孔隙尺寸/mm 0.212 0.195 0.283 0.212 高度/mm 0.85 0.85 0.85 1.27 层数 2 2 1.5 3 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 发散结构参数
Table 2. Parameters of the divergent structure
孔隙率/% 桁架杆直径D/mm 桁架杆长度L/mm 总表面积/mm2 内表面积/mm2 26.61 0.135 0.3 1.706 1.003 37.11 0.12 0.3 1.735 1.041 47.57 0.105 0.3 1.722 1.099 58.45 0.09 0.3 1.648 1.097 69.02 0.075 0.3 1.516 1.042
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 0.48 MPa压力下300～2 100 K温度范围内冷却工质的热物性参数
Table 3. Thermo-physical parameters of cooling medium in the temperature range of 300—2 100 K at 0.48 MPa pressure
工质 密度/（kg/m3） 比定压热容/（kJ/（kg·K）） 导热系数/（W/（m·K）） 空气 2.15×10−18T6−1.76×10−14T5+5.88×
10−11T4−1.03×10−7T3+1.02×10−4T2−
5.63×10−2T+1.59×101−4.73×10−14T5+3.57×10−10T4−1.01×10−6T3+
1.26×10−3T2–
4.81×10−1T+1.06×1035.01×10−11T3−6.11×
10−8T2+9.61×10−5T+9.72×10−4氦气 2.71×10−19T6−2.22×10−15T5+7.43×
10−12T4−1.31×10−8T3+1.30×10−5T2−
7.19×10−3T+2.054.78×10−16T4−2.71×10−12T3+
5.44×10−9T2−4.40×10−6T+5.19−3.41×10−5T2+3.27×10−1T+
6.68×101氮气 1.95×10−18T6−1.60×10−14T5+5.34×
10−11T4−9.38×10−8T3+9.28×10−5T2−
5.12×10−2T+1.45×101−4.27×10−11T3+9.98×10−8T2+
1.19×10−4T+9.86×10−1−5.78×10−6T2+6.11×10−2T+
9.82
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 张孝春, 孙雨超, 刘涛. 先进加力燃烧室设计技术综述[J]. 航空发动机, 2014, 40(2): 24-30, 60. ZHANG Xiaochun, SUN Yuchao, LIU Tao. Summary of advanced afterburner design technology[J]. Aeroengine, 2014, 40(2): 24-30, 60. (in Chinese doi: 10.13477/j.cnki.aeroengine.2014.02.006ZHANG Xiaochun, SUN Yuchao, LIU Tao. Summary of advanced afterburner design technology[J]. Aeroengine, 2014, 40(2): 24-30, 60. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13477/j.cnki.aeroengine.2014.02.006 [2] 尹成茗, 张荣春, 樊未军, 等. 一种一体化加力燃烧室的数值模拟[J]. 航空动力学报, 2018, 33(2): 470-476. YIN Chengming, ZHANG Rongchun, FAN Weijun, et al. Numerical simulation on a type of the integrated afterburner[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(2): 470-476. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.02.026YIN Chengming, ZHANG Rongchun, FAN Weijun, et al. Numerical simulation on a type of the integrated afterburner[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(2): 470-476. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.02.026 [3] XIN Qiurui, BAI Xiaohui, JIN Helong, et al. Comprehensive study on cooling effectiveness and thermoelectric conversion of a novel helium/hydrogen-based closed Brayton cooling system for a hydrogen aero-engine[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2025, 67: 105741. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.105741 [4] 刘大响. 一代新材料, 一代新型发动机: 航空发动机的发展趋势及其对材料的需求[J]. 材料工程, 2017, 45(10): 1-5. LIU Daxiang. One generation of new material, one generation of new type engine: development trend of aero-engine and its requirements for materials[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2017, 45(10): 1-5. (in ChineseLIU Daxiang. One generation of new material, one generation of new type engine: development trend of aero-engine and its requirements for materials[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2017, 45(10): 1-5. (in Chinese) [5] 方昌德. 航空发动机百年回顾[J]. 燃气涡轮试验与研究, 2003, 16(4): 1-5. FANG Changde. A century of aero-engine in retrospect[J]. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2003, 16(4): 1-5. (in ChineseFANG Changde. A century of aero-engine in retrospect[J]. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2003, 16(4): 1-5. (in Chinese) [6] ZHU Yinhai, PENG Wei, XU Ruina, et al. Review on active thermal protection and its heat transfer for airbreathing hypersonic vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2018, 31(10): 1929-1953. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2018.06.011 [7] ZHANG Silong, LI Xin, ZUO Jingying, et al. Research progress on active thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2020, 119: 100646. doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2020.100646 [8] 李锋, 张青藩, 何家德, 等. 离散孔板冷却效率及其换热规律的研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 1997, 12(1): 66-70. LI Feng, ZHANG Qingfan, HE Jiade, et al. Transfer rule for discrete hole film cooling[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 1997, 12(1): 66-70. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.1997.01.017LI Feng, ZHANG Qingfan, HE Jiade, et al. Transfer rule for discrete hole film cooling[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 1997, 12(1): 66-70. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.1997.01.017 [9] SCRITTORE J J, THOLE K A, BURD S W. Investigation of velocity profiles for effusion cooling of a combustor liner[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2007, 129(3): 518-526. doi: 10.1115/1.2720492 [10] 伍楠. 发散冷却关键问题的实验和数值研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2019. WU Nan. Experimental and numerical investigations on the key problems of transpiration cooling[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2019. (in ChineseWU Nan. Experimental and numerical investigations on the key problems of transpiration cooling[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2019. (in Chinese) [11] 梁春华, 王鸣, 刘殿春. 战斗机发动机涡轮叶片层板发散冷却技术的发展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2013, 56(9): 90-93. LIANG Chunhua, WANG Ming, LIU Dianchun. Development of laminated transpiration-cooled turbine blade for fighter engine[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2013, 56(9): 90-93. (in Chinese doi: 10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.2013.09.017LIANG Chunhua, WANG Ming, LIU Dianchun. Development of laminated transpiration-cooled turbine blade for fighter engine[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2013, 56(9): 90-93. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16080/j.issn1671-833x.2013.09.017 [12] 董文杰. 发散冷却基础问题的理论与数值研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2018. DONG Wenjie. Theoretical and numerical investigations on basic problems of transpiration cooling[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2018. (in ChineseDONG Wenjie. Theoretical and numerical investigations on basic problems of transpiration cooling[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2018. (in Chinese) [13] KONG Dehai, CHEN Wenbin, NIU Xiying, et al. A comparative study of internal heat transfer enhancement of impingement/effusion cooling roughened by solid rib and slit rib[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2024, 36: 015106. doi: 10.1063/5.0179254 [14] 苏浩. 发散冷却系统冷却能力和流动换热特性的数值研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2020. SU Hao. Numerical investigations on the cooling capacity and characteristics of flow and heat transfer of transpiration cooling[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2020. (in ChineseSU Hao. Numerical investigations on the cooling capacity and characteristics of flow and heat transfer of transpiration cooling[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2020. (in Chinese) [15] 汪强兵, 李广忠, 汤慧萍, 等. 粉末及烧结工艺对金属多孔材料性能的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2017, 46(9): 344-347. WANG Qiangbing, LI Guangzhong, TANG Huiping, et al. Effect of powder and sintering process on properties of powder metal porous materials[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2017, 46(9): 344-347. (in ChineseWANG Qiangbing, LI Guangzhong, TANG Huiping, et al. Effect of powder and sintering process on properties of powder metal porous materials[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2017, 46(9): 344-347. (in Chinese) [16] 宋建华. 八面体单元桁架结构的构建和简化方法分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2014. SONG Jianhua. Analyzing on the method of constructing and simplifying octahedral unit truss structure[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2014. (in ChineseSONG Jianhua. Analyzing on the method of constructing and simplifying octahedral unit truss structure[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2014. (in Chinese) [17] BAI Xiaohui, ZHENG Zihao, NAKAYAMA A. Heat transfer performance analysis on lattice core sandwich panel structures[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 143: 118525. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118525 [18] DESHPANDE V S, FLECK N A, ASHBY M F. Effective properties of the octet-truss lattice material[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2001, 49(8): 1747-1769. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00010-2 [19] EKADE P, KRISHNAN S. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of octet truss lattice geometry[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2019, 137: 253-261. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.11.031 [20] SAIGAL A, TUMBLESTON J, VOGEL H, et al. Mechanical response of octahedral and octet-truss lattice structures fabricated using the CLIP technology[R]. Bangkok, Thailand: 2016 International Conference on Computational Modeling, Simulation and Applied Mathematics (CMSAM 2016), 2016. [21] CHENG Zhilong, XU Ruina, JIANG Peixue. Morphology, flow and heat transfer in triply periodic minimal surface based porous structures[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2021, 170: 120902. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.120902 [22] 白晓辉, 刘存良, 孟宪龙, 等. 八面体桁架结构在内冷通道中的流动传热特性研究[J]. 推进技术, 2022, 43(7): 201018. BAI Xiaohui, LIU Cunliang, MENG Xianlong, et al. Flow and heat transfer characteristics of octet truss structure in internal cooling channel[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(7): 201018. (in ChineseBAI Xiaohui, LIU Cunliang, MENG Xianlong, et al. Flow and heat transfer characteristics of octet truss structure in internal cooling channel[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(7): 201018. (in Chinese) [23] BAI Xiaohui, XIN Qiurui, DUAN Chengao, et al. Research on flow structure and heat transfer mechanism of windward bend lattice frame[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2024, 56: 103084. doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103084 [24] BAI Xiaohui, ZHENG Zihao, LIU Cunliang, et al. Metal frame structures with controlled anisotropic thermal conductivity[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 148: 119064. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119064 [25] QU Z G, WANG T S, TAO W Q, et al. A theoretical octet-truss lattice unit cell model for effective thermal conductivity of consolidated porous materials saturated with fluid[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012, 48(8): 1385-1395. doi: 10.1007/s00231-012-0985-y [26] DIXIT T, NITHIARASU P, KUMAR S. Numerical evaluation of additively manufactured lattice architectures for heat sink applications[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2021, 159: 106607. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106607 [27] 章思龙, 秦江, 周伟星, 等. 高超声速推进再生冷却研究综述[J]. 推进技术, 2018, 39(10): 2177-2190. ZHANG Silong, QIN Jiang, ZHOU Weixing, et al. Review on regenerative cooling technology of hypersonic propulsion[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(10): 2177-2190. (in ChineseZHANG Silong, QIN Jiang, ZHOU Weixing, et al. Review on regenerative cooling technology of hypersonic propulsion[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(10): 2177-2190. (in Chinese) [28] ZHENG Zihao, BAI Xiaohui, NAKAYAMA A. A novel way to control wall temperature distribution by grading blowing rate[J]. ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023, 145(3): 031803. doi: 10.1115/1.4055889 [29] LIU Yuanqing, JIANG Peixue, XIONG Yanbin, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of transpiration cooling for sintered porous flat plates[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 50(1): 997-1007. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.08.028 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 705
- HTML浏览量: 448
- PDF量: 42
- 被引次数: 0