Influence of alternative fuels on the main combustion performance of RP-3 aviation kerosene and its blended fuels
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摘要:
为了降低污染物排放，满足日益严格的环保要求，同时减少对RP-3航空煤油的依赖，发展航空替代燃料正在成为航空业的迫切需求。为探究RP-3航空煤油与加氢催化生物柴油替代燃料不同掺混比的燃烧作用机制，现对某型号航空发动机燃烧3种燃料（RP-3航空煤油、70% RP-3航空煤油/30%加氢催化生物柴油、50% RP-3航空煤油/50%加氢催化生物柴油）的燃烧过程进行数值模拟计算，并分析燃用不同燃料时燃烧室的燃烧和排放特性。结果表明：与RP-3航空煤油相比，燃用两种混合燃料时燃烧室内流场分布特性基本相同，主燃区的高温区域明显延长，燃烧室内最高温度分别下降9 K和13 K，燃烧室出口截面平均温度分别上升1 K和4 K，3种燃料的出口温度分布系数均符合规定；燃烧室污染物排放分布特性基本相同，其中CO排放分别降低5%和6.4%，CO2排放分别降低2.9%和7.8%，NO排放分别降低4.2%和5.8%，碳烟排放分别降低3.2%和4.7%。
Abstract:In order to reduce the emission of pollutants, meet the increasingly strict environmental requirements, and reduce the dependence on RP-3 aviation kerosene, the development of aviation alternative fuels is emerging as an urgent necessity for the global aviation industry. To investigate the combustion mechanisms of RP-3 aviation kerosene blended with hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel at varying blending ratios, numerical simulations of the combustion process of a certain type of aero-engine burning three kinds of fuels (RP-3 aviation kerosene, 70% RP-3 aviation kerosene/30% hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel, and 50% RP-3 aviation kerosene/50% hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel) were carried out to compare and analyze the combustion and emission characteristics of the combustion chambers when different fuels were burned. The results showed that, compared with RP-3 aviation kerosene, the flow field distribution characteristics in the combustion chamber were basically the same when the two blended fuels were burned, the high temperature region of the main combustion zone was obviously extended, the maximum temperature in the combustion chamber decreased by 9 K and 13 K, respectively, the average temperature of the combustion chamber outlet cross-section rose by 1 K and 4 K, and the exit temperature distribution coefficients of the three fuels were compliant with the regulations; the pollutant emission distribution characteristics in the combustion chamber were basically the same, in which the CO emissions were reduced by 5% and 6.4%, CO2 emissions reduced by 2.9% and 7.8%, NO emissions reduced by 4.2% and 5.8%, and carbon smoke emissions reduced by 3.2% and 4.7%.
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图 1 燃烧室单个火焰筒的几何模型
Figure 1. Geometric model of a single flame tube in the combustion chamber
图 2 燃烧室单个火焰筒的计算网格
Figure 2. Computational grid of a single flame tube in the combustion chamber
表 1 燃料的物理和化学性质
Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of the fuels
燃料 RP-3
（C12H26）HCB
（C16H34）K70H30
混合物K50H50
混合物密度/（kg/m3） 780 820 792 800 黏度/10−3 （Pa·s） 1.3 2.1 1.5 1.7 比热容/（kJ/（kg·K）） 2.1 2.0 2.05 2.05 相对分子质量 /（g/mol） 170 226 188 198 
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表 2 元素组成与热值
Table 2. Elemental composition and calorific values
燃料 质量分数/% 高热值/
（MJ/kg）低热值/
（MJ/kg）C H O N RP-3 86.1 13.3 0.6 0 46.2 43.2 HCB 83.0 15.0 2.0 0 44.5 42.5 K70H30 85.2 13.8 1.0 0 45.6 42.99 K50H50 84.1 14.2 1.5 0 45.1 42.85
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表 3 燃烧室的最高温度和出口截面平均温度
Table 3. Maximum temperature of the combustion chamber and average temperature of the outlet section
K 燃料 燃烧室最高温度 出口截面平均温度 K100 1 994 1285 K70H30 1 985 1286 K50H50 1 981 1289
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表 4 燃烧室CO的最大质量分数
Table 4. Maximum mass fraction of combustion chamber CO
燃料 最大质量分数 K100 0.1404 K70H30 0.1397 K50H50 0.1395
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表 5 燃烧室CO2的最大和平均质量分数
Table 5. Maximum and average mass fraction of CO2 in combustion chamber
燃料 最大质量分数 K100 0.1005 K70H30 0.0976 K50H50 0.0926
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表 6 燃烧室NO的最大质量分数
Table 6. Maximum mass fraction of NO in combustion chamber
燃料 最大质量分数/10−8 K100 8.799 K70H30 8.430 K50H50 8.286
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表 7 燃烧室碳烟的最大质量分数
Table 7. Maximum mass fraction of carbon smoke in the combustion chamber
燃料 最大质量分数/10−9 K100 2.330 K70H30 2.255 K50H50 2.220
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