Mechanical erosion characteristics of carbon-based nozzlein solid rocket motor
-
摘要: 为研究碳基材料喷管的机械侵蚀特性,基于两相流理论和经验公式,考虑液滴的蒸发与反应,建立了二维轴对称碳基材料喷管机械侵蚀计算模型.针对15-lb BATES发动机喷管进行了机械侵蚀计算,研究了液滴轨迹、机械侵蚀情况的分布规律,以及推进剂中Al质量分数和燃烧室压强对机械侵蚀的影响.结果表明:机械侵蚀率计算最大值为55μm/s,在实验结果范围内.Al/Al2O3混合液滴是机械侵蚀的主要因素,Al液滴由于蒸发氧化而不对壁面造成碰撞.机械侵蚀发生在喷管收敛段,峰值位于喉部上游入口处,喉部和扩张段无机械侵蚀现象.推进剂中Al质量分数增加对机械侵蚀率无显著规律性影响.机械侵蚀率随燃烧室压强的增加呈超线性增长.Abstract: Based on two-phase flow theory and empirical formula, a two-dimensional axisymmetric carbon-based nozzle model was established to investigate the mechanical erosion characteristics, with consideration of evaporation and reaction of droplets. Results obtained from computations with distributions of droplets trajectories and mechanical erosion were described for the 15-lb BATES engine nozzle. The effects of Al mass fraction of propellant and chamber pressure on mechanical erosion were investigated. Results show that the calculated result of maximum mechanical erosion rate is 55μm/s, which falls within the range of experimental results. Al/Al2O3 mixed droplet is the main factor of the mechanical erosion, Al droplets cannot hit the nozzle wall due to rapid evaporation and oxidation. The erosion occurs in the nozzle convergent section, with the peak located upstream the throat, while no mechanical erosion exists in throat and expand zone. The increasement of Al mass fraction shows no significant regularity effect on the mechanical erosion rate. The erosion rate has a superlinear relationship with the chamber pressure.
-
Key words:
- solid rocket motor /
- nozzle /
- carbon-based material /
- two-phase flow /
- mechanical erosion
-
[1] Gowariker V R.Mechanical and chemical contributions to the erosion rates of graphite throats in rocket motor nozzles[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1966,3(10):1490-1494. [2] 陈博,张立同,成来飞,等.3D C/SiC复合材料喷管在小型固体火箭发动机中的烧蚀规律研究[J].无机材料学报,2008,23(5):938-944. CHEN Bo,ZHANG Litong,CHENG Laifei,et al.Ablation characteristic of 3D C/Sic composite nozzle in a small solid rocket motor[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2008,23(5):938-944.(in Chinese) [3] 王淑华,姜贵庆.粒子侵蚀潜入喷管端头的质量损失率计算[J].固体火箭技术,1990(4):50-58. WANG Shuhua,JIANG Guiqing.Mass loss of submerged nozzle tip by particle erosion[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,1990(4):50-58.(in Chinese) [4] Neilson J H,Gilchrist A.An experimental investigation into aspects of erosion in rocket motor tail nozzles[J].Wear,1968,11(2):123-143. [5] Kato K,Ueno K,Sawada K.Estimation of mechanical erosion at nozzle inlet by multiphase flow simulation in solid rocket motor considering aluminum droplets and alumina mist[R].AIAA-2007-341,2007. [6] Haselbacher A,Najjar F M.Multiphase flow simulations of solid-propellant rocket motors on unstructured grids[R].AIAA-2006-1292,2006. [7] Wirzberger H,Yaniv S.Prediction of erosion in a solid rocket motor by alumina particles[R].AIAA-2005-4496,2005. [8] Thakre P,Rawat R,Clayton R,et al.Mechanical erosion of graphite nozzle in solid-propellant rocket motor[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2013,29(3):593-601. [9] Geisler R,Beckman C.The history of the BATES motors at the air force rocket propulsion laboratory[R].AIAA 98-3981,1998. [10] Chiba Z,欧阳琪.固体火箭发动机喷管的入口和喉部区域的粒子冲刷侵蚀作用[J].固体火箭技术,1984(1):49-56,61. Chiba Z,OUYANG Qi.Particle erosion at entrance and the throat area of solid rocket motor[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,1984(1):49-56,61.(in Chinese) [11] Sabnis J S.Numerical simulation of distributed combustion in solid rocket motors with metalized propellant[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2003,19(1):48-55. [12] Daniel E.Eulerian approach for unsteady two-phase solid rocket flows with aluminum particles[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2000,16(2):309-317. [13] Neilson J H,Gilchrist A.Erosion by a stream of solid particles[J].Wear,1968,11(2):111-122. [14] 王磊,何国强,李江,等.粒子侵蚀对C/C材料烧蚀性能影响研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2012,30(3):320-325. WANG Lei,HE Guoqiang,LI Jiang,et al.Exploring effect of particles on ablation performance of C/C material[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2012,30(3):320-325.(in Chinese) [15] 于勇,刘淑艳,张世军,等.固体火箭发动机喷管气固两相流动的数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(4):931-937. YU Yong,LIU Shuyang,ZHANG Shijun,et al.Numerical simulation of gas-particle flow in nozzle of solid rocket motor[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(4):931-937.(in Chinese) [16] 陈莎,李江,刘洋,等.高浓度粒子冲刷条件下多向编织C/C材料烧蚀研究[J].固体火箭技术,2013,36(4):555-558. CHEN Sha,LI Jiang,LIU Yang,et al.Research on erosion of multi-directional C/C material by high concentration particles[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2013,36(4):555-558.(in Chinese) [17] Ketner D M,Hess K S.Particle impingement erosion[R].AIAA 79-1250,1979. [18] Thakre P,Yang V.Chemical erosion of carbon-carbon/graphite nozzles in solid-propellant rocket motors[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2008,24(4):822-833.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 959
- HTML浏览量: 2
- PDF量: 460
- 被引次数: 0