| Citation: | ZHAO Huan, ZHANG Ran, SUN Dan, et al. Study on fluid-solid-thermal coupling leakage characteristics of graphite seal and formula construction[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38（11）：2648-2658 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220013
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The fluid-solid-thermal multi-physics coupling theory of graphite seal was analyzed, and a numerical solution model of graphite seal fluid-solid-thermal multi-physics coupling considering the deformation of graphite ring was established. On the basis of verifying the accuracy of the model, carbon graphite and antimony-impregnated graphite materials were studied. The flow field characteristics, the structural mechanical characteristics and leakage characteristics of the graphite seal at different pressure ratios and temperatures were compared and analyzed. The leakage of the graphite ring before and after the deformation was compared and analyzed, and based on the traditional circumferential graphite seal leakage formula, a theoretical formula for graphite seal leakage considering the deformation of the graphite ring was constructed. Results showed that the established graphite seal fluid-solid-thermal multi-physics coupling model considered the deformation of the graphite ring, and can accurately calculate the leakage flow characteristics and mechanical characteristics. The fluid entered the shallow groove under the action of the circumferential shear flow, and formed a local high pressure area by extrusion in the shallow groove. The deformation of the graphite ring on the high pressure side was obvious, of which the carbon-graphite material deformed significantly under the action of high pressure ratio, and the antimony impregnated material deformed significantly under the action of high temperature. When the temperature was 400 K and the pressure ratio was 2—4, the deformation of the carbon-graphite sealing ring was reduced by 12.99% on average compared with the antimony-impregnated material, and the seal leakage was reduced by 6.89% compared with the antimony-impregnated graphite material. The constructed leakage theoretical formula can accurately calculate the leakage considering the deformation of the graphite ring, thus providing a theoretical basis for the analysis of the leakage characteristics of the graphite seal.
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