| Citation: | WANG Dan, WEI Lei, WU Wangjian, et al. Review of composite-steel hybrid gear：application technology and future directions[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2024, 39（X）：20230344 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230344
|
The research status of composite-steel hybrid gears is reviewed. First of all, this paper briefly describes the military requirements for the research of composite-steel hybrid gears and the important research significance for improving the power density of helicopter transmission system. Secondly, the research status and development trends of composite-steel hybrid gears are described in detail from five aspects: mechanical properties characterization of composite materials for gear spokes, structural strength analysis of hybrid gears, configuration design, manufacturing and experimental verification technology. Finally, the research status of composite-steel hybrid gear application technology is summarized. The shortcomings of the application technology of composite-steel hybrid gears in China and the future directions that need to be carried out urgently are pointed out.
| [1] |
符长青,符晓勤,马宇平. 旋翼飞行器动力装置[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社,2017. FU Changqing,FU Xiaoqin,MA Yuping. Rotorcraft power plant[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press,2017. (in Chinese
FU Changqing, FU Xiaoqin, MA Yuping. Rotorcraft power plant[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2017. (in Chinese)
|
| [2] |
倪德,朱如鹏,陆凤霞,等. 考虑空间机动飞行的直升机尾传动轴建模与临界转速分析[J]. 航空动力学报,2015,30(6): 1520-1528. NI De,ZHU Rupeng,LU Fengxia,et al. Modeling and analysis of critical speed for tail drive shaft of helicopter considering space maneuvering flight[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(6): 1520-1528. (in Chinese
NI De, ZHU Rupeng, LU Fengxia, et al. Modeling and analysis of critical speed for tail drive shaft of helicopter considering space maneuvering flight[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2015, 30(6): 1520-1528. (in Chinese)
|
| [3] |
佘亦曦,康丽霞,唐朋. 直升机传动系统的现状与发展研究[J]. 航空科学技术,2021,32(1): 78-82. SHE Yixi,KANG Lixia,TANG Peng. Development status and future trend of helicopter transmission system[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology,2021,32(1): 78-82. (in Chinese
SHE Yixi, KANG Lixia, TANG Peng. Development status and future trend of helicopter transmission system[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2021, 32(1): 78-82. (in Chinese)
|
| [4] |
SHOAIB NADEEM S K,GIRIDHARA G,RANGAVITTAL H K. A Review on the design and analysis of composite drive shaft[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings,2018,5(1): 2738-2741. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.01.058
|
| [5] |
常燕,朱涛,孙士祥,等. 复合材料传动轴的应用及技术研究进展[J]. 工程塑料应用,2020,48(7): 154-157. CHANG Yan,ZHU Tao,SUN Shixiang,et al. Application and advance in technology research of composite drive shaft[J]. Engineering Plastics Application,2020,48(7): 154-157. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2020.07.029
CHANG Yan, ZHU Tao, SUN Shixiang, et al. Application and advance in technology research of composite drive shaft[J]. Engineering Plastics Application, 2020, 48(7): 154-157. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2020.07.029
|
| [6] |
Cecil,Timothy,Ehinger,et al. Application and configurationssues of resin transfer molded composite transmission housings: a program overview[C]//Annual Forum Proceedings-American Helicopter Society. Virginia: American Helicopter Society,2007: 1544-1552.
|
| [7] |
LIN S,POSTER S. Development of a braided-composite drive shaft with captured end fittings[C]//60th annual forum of the American Helicopter Society International. Baltimore: American Helicopter Society International,2004: 673-687.
|
| [8] |
HANDSCHUH R F,SINNAMON R,STRINGER D B,et al. Hybrid gear preliminary results-application of composites to dynamic mechanical components[C]//68th American Helicopter Society (AHS) Annual forum and Technology Display. Fort Worth: American Helicopter Society,2012: 72-79.
|
| [9] |
GOLDBERG R K,BLINZLER B J,BINIENDA W K. Investigation of a macromechanical approach to analyzing triaxially-braided polymer composites[J]. AIAA Journal,2011,49(1): 205-215. doi: 10.2514/1.J050675
|
| [10] |
MASTERS J E,PORTANOVA M A. Standard test methods for textile composites: NASA-CR-4751[R]. Washington,DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration,1996.
|
| [11] |
FALZON P J,HERSZBERG I. Mechanical performance of 2-D braided carbon/epoxy composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology,1998,58(2): 253-265. doi: 10.1016/S0266-3538(97)00133-4
|
| [12] |
LITTELL J. The experimental and analytical characterization of the macromechanical response for triaxial braided composite materials[M]. Akron: The University of Akron,2008.
|
| [13] |
赵振强. 二维三轴编织复合材料的动态力学行为与失效机理[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学,2019. ZHAO Zhenqiang. Dynamic mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of two-dimensional triaxially braided composites[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University,2019. (in Chinese
ZHAO Zhenqiang. Dynamic mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of two-dimensional triaxially braided composites[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2019. (in Chinese)
|
| [14] |
CATERA P G,GAGLIARDI F,MUNDO D,et al. Multi-scale modeling of triaxial braided composites for FE-based modal analysis of hybrid metal-composite gears[J]. Composite Structures,2017,182: 116-123. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.017
|
| [15] |
GAUNTT S M,CAMPBELL R L. Characterization of a hybrid (steel-composite) gear with various composite materials and layups[R]. AIAA-2019-0146,2019.
|
| [16] |
WALLER M,KOUDELA K,MCINTYRE S. Design of composite materials for improved loss-of-lubrication survivability of hybrid rotorcraft gears[C]//Proceedings of the 75th Annual VFS Forum. Philadelphia: American Helicopter Society,2019: 3046-3057.
|
| [17] |
WALLER M D,MCINTYRE S M,KOUDELA K L. Composite materials for hybrid aerospace gears[J]. Journal of the American Helicopter Society,2020,65(4): 1-11.
|
| [18] |
CATERA P G,MUNDO D,TREVISO A,et al. On the design and simulation of hybrid metal-composite gears[J]. Applied Composite Materials,2019,26(3): 817-833. doi: 10.1007/s10443-018-9753-6
|
| [19] |
HANDSCHUH R F,LABERGE K E,DELUCA S,et al. Vibration and operational characteristics of a composite-steel (hybrid) gear[R]. Cleveland: NASA Glenn Research Center,2014.
|
| [20] |
LABERGE K E,JOHNSTON J P,HANDSCHUH R F,et al. Evaluation of a variable thickness hybrid composite bull gear[C]//Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society. Phoenix: American Helicopter Society,2018: 1778-1784.
|
| [21] |
KARPAT F,YILMAZ T G,DOĞAN O,et al. Stress and mesh stiffness evaluation of bimaterial spur gears[C]//ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Salt Lake City: American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2019,59384: V02BT02A025.
|
| [22] |
YıLMAZ TUFAN G,OĞUZ D,FATIH K. A numerical investigation on the hybrid spur gears: stress and dynamic analysis[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2022,236(1): 354-369.
|
| [23] |
YıLMAZ TUFAN G,GÜLTEKIN K,FATIH K. A numerical analysis of hybrid spur gears with asymmetric teeth: stress and dynamic behavior[J]. Machines,2022,10(11): 1056. doi: 10.3390/machines10111056
|
| [24] |
LABERGE K E,HANDSCHUH R F,ROBERTS G,et al. Performance investigation of a full-scale hybrid composite bull gear[C]//American Helicopter Society Annual Forum. Florida: American Helicopter Society,2016: 2591-2597.
|
| [25] |
LABERGE K E,BERKEBILE S P,HANDSCHUH R F,et al. Hybrid gear performance under loss-of-lubrication conditions[C]//American Helicopter Society Annual Forum. Fort Worth: American Helicopter Society,2017: 2250-2256.
|
| [26] |
JOHNSTON J P,ROBERTS G D,MILLER S G. A Design Methodology for Optimizing and Integrating Composite Materials in Gear Structures[R]. Washington,DC: NASA Center for Aerospace Information,2019.
|
| [27] |
DARMSTADT P R,ROBUCK M J,MOORE Ⅲ R F,et al. Composites for Advanced Drive Systems,A Systems Analysis-Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT)[R]. Washington,DC: NASA Center for Aerospace Information,2019.
|
| [28] |
ANDERSON C,MORALES G. Composites for Advanced Drive Systems[R]. Washington,DC: NASA Center for Aerospace Information,2019.
|
| [29] |
GAUNTT S,UNIVERSITY P S,CAMPBELL R,et al. Design optimization of a hybrid spur gear[C]//Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum. Philadelphia: The Vertical Flight Society,2019: 2939-2948.
|
| [30] |
HADKA D,REED P. Borg: an auto-adaptive many-objective evolutionary computing framework[J]. Evolutionary Computation,2013,21(2): 231-259. doi: 10.1162/EVCO_a_00075
|
| [31] |
GAUNTT S,MCINTYRE S,CAMPBELL R. Static transmission error analysis of a hybrid spur gear drivetrain[C]//Vertical Flight Society’s 76th Annual Forum and Technology Display. Fairfax: Vertical Flight Society,2020: 827-843.
|
| [32] |
GAUNTT S,MCINTYRE S,CAMPBELL R. Design Optimization of a Hybrid Spur Gear Including Tooth Bending Effects[J]. Journal of the American Helicopter Society,2022,67(4): 1-15.
|
| [33] |
ALI R,CATERA PIERVINCENZO G,CRISTIAN C,et al. Numerical and experimental analysis of the transmission error in hybrid metal-composite gears[J]. Composite Structures,2022,298: 116012. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116012
|
| [34] |
KIM H,KIM C,KIM S,et al. Novel steel and aramid/phenol composite gear for a transmission with optimum design and FEM vibration analysis[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology,2019,20(4): 749-754. doi: 10.1007/s12239-019-0070-3
|
| [35] |
SIM E,KIM C,KWAK K S,et al. Optimum interface shape and vibration test for a new transmission helical gear composed of steel and aramid/phenol composite[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2020,34(4): 1629-1634. doi: 10.1007/s12206-020-0325-y
|
| [36] |
FURROW K W. Material property evaluation of braided and braided/woven wing skin blade stiffeners[R]. Washington,DC: NASA contractor report,1996.
|
| [37] |
CATERA P G,MUNDO D,GAGLIARDI F,et al. A comparative analysis of adhesive bonding and interference fitting as joining technologies for hybrid metal-composite gear manufacturing[J]. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM),2020,14(2): 535-550. doi: 10.1007/s12008-020-00647-y
|
| [38] |
JOHNSTON J P,ALLEN A R,LABERGE K E,et al. Static torsion testing and modeling of a variable thickness hybrid composite bull gear[R]. Washington DC: NASA Center for Aerospace Information,2019.
|
| [39] |
KOHLMAN L W. Evaluation of test methods for triaxial braid composites and the development of a large multiaxial test frame for validation using braided tube specimens[M]. Akron: The University of Akron,2012.
|
| [40] |
王旦,林瑶洁,陈蔚芳,等. 一种基于智能复合材料的复合型齿轮: CN113007310A[P]. 2021-06-22. WANG Dan,LIN Yaojie,CHEN Weifang,et al. Composite gear based on intelligent composite material: CN113007310A[P]. 2021-06-22. (in Chinese).
WANG Dan, LIN Yaojie, CHEN Weifang, et al. Composite gear based on intelligent composite material: CN113007310A[P]. 2021-06-22. (in Chinese).
|
| [41] |
王振. 基于接触力学的高分子复合材料齿轮磨损寿命模型及实验研究[D]. 济南: 济南大学,2018. WANG Zhen. Wear mechanical life model and experimental study on polymer composite material based on contact mechanics[D]. Jinan: University of Jinan,2018. (in Chinese
WANG Zhen. Wear mechanical life model and experimental study on polymer composite material based on contact mechanics[D]. Jinan: University of Jinan, 2018. (in Chinese)
|
| [42] |
苗天峰,王砚军,赵中轩,等. 高分子材料齿轮的热力耦合模型及接触界面瞬态温度场数值分析[J]. 机械传动,2019,43(2): 94-99. MIAO Tianfeng,WANG Yanjun,ZHAO Zhongxuan,et al. Thermal-mechanical coupling model of polymer gear and numerical analysis of transient temperature field at its contact interface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2019,43(2): 94-99. (in Chinese
MIAO Tianfeng, WANG Yanjun, ZHAO Zhongxuan, et al. Thermal-mechanical coupling model of polymer gear and numerical analysis of transient temperature field at its contact interface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 2019, 43(2): 94-99. (in Chinese)
|
| [43] |
LU Zehua,LIU Huaiju,ZHU Caichao,et al. Identification of failure modes of a PEEK-steel gear pair under lubrication[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2019,125: 342-348. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.04.004
|
| [44] |
卢泽华. 塑料齿轮接触疲劳寿命预测与试验研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学,2021. LU Zehua. Prediction and experiment of plastic gear contact fatigue life[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University,2021. (in Chinese
LU Zehua. Prediction and experiment of plastic gear contact fatigue life[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2021. (in Chinese)
|
| [45] |
汪志鹏,戴宁,雷鹏福. 齿轮轻量化设计[J]. 机械设计与制造工程,2022,51(7): 9-13. WANG Zhipeng,DAI Ning,LEI Pengfu. Lightweight design of gears[J]. Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering,2022,51(7): 9-13. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-509X.2022.07.002
WANG Zhipeng, DAI Ning, LEI Pengfu. Lightweight design of gears[J]. Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering, 2022, 51(7): 9-13. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-509X.2022.07.002
|
| [46] |
李术龙. PEEK基高温自润滑复合材料的设计制备及其摩擦学性能研究[D]. 济南: 济南大学,2017. LI Shulong. Study on design,preparation and tribological properties of peek based high temperature self-lubrication composites[D]. Jinan: University of Jinan,2017. (in Chinese
LI Shulong. Study on design, preparation and tribological properties of peek based high temperature self-lubrication composites[D]. Jinan: University of Jinan, 2017. (in Chinese)
|
| [47] |
常亮亮. 三维编织复合材料直齿圆柱齿轮的动力学分析[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学,2021. CHANG Liangliang. Dynamic anaysis of three-dimensional braided composite spur gear[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology,2021. (in Chinese
CHANG Liangliang. Dynamic anaysis of three-dimensional braided composite spur gear[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2021. (in Chinese)
|
| [48] |
刘峰峰,王旭鹏,刘舒伟,等. 复合材料齿轮的接触和弯曲应力分析[J]. 机械科学与技术,2022,41(5): 681-687. LIU Fengfeng,WANG Xupeng,LIU Shuwei,et al. Contact and bending stress analysis of composite gear[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2022,41(5): 681-687. (in Chinese
LIU Fengfeng, WANG Xupeng, LIU Shuwei, et al. Contact and bending stress analysis of composite gear[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2022, 41(5): 681-687. (in Chinese)
|
| [49] |
刘舒伟,王旭鹏,刘峰峰,等. 2.5D编织复合材料齿轮性能仿真分析[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2023,37(1): 337-344. LIU Shuwei,WANG Xupeng,LIU Fengfeng,et al. Performance simulation analysis of 2.5D braided composite gears[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science),2023,37(1): 337-344. (in Chinese
LIU Shuwei, WANG Xupeng, LIU Fengfeng, et al. Performance simulation analysis of 2.5D braided composite gears[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science), 2023, 37(1): 337-344. (in Chinese)
|
DownLoad:
