| Citation: | Zhang Tongyu, He Haoji, Guo Zhihui. Characteristics and dynamics analysis of jet breakup under non-uniform crossflow[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2026, 41（7）：20240780 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240780
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This study experimentally investigated the effects of positive and negative velocity gradients in crossflows on the breakup modes and dynamic characteristics of water jets. Experiments covered average Weber numbers (5.6, 8, 16, 40) and the average jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio (20, 30, 40, 50, 60). Results demonstrated that positive gradients enhanced jet penetration depth, while negative gradients reduced penetration and accelerated jet breakup and deflection. Under negative gradients, severe jet deformation increased the windward area of liquid columns, leading to significant spanwise width expansion. Positive gradients promoted intense column oscillation with larger surface wavelengths, whereas negative gradients suppressed oscillation and reduced wavelengths. Negative gradients accelerated the transition of jet breakup modes, while positive gradients delayed this transition. The analysis of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) revealed that spray characteristics under varying average Weber number sprimarily differed in resonance peak positions and amplitudes, with consistent non-resonant regions. Amplitude decay rates were higher under negative gradients, indicating intensified fluid dynamic dissipation and weakened surface tension effects. Increasing frequency and mode order under negative gradients significantly reduced the amplitude and energy content. This confirmed that aerodynamic suppression in negative-gradient flows caused initially pronounced amplitude variations that weakened over time, contrasting with sustained large-amplitude fluctuations under positive gradients.
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