Numerical simulation of glaze ice accretions on an airfoil

An Eulerian method to numerically simulate glaze ice accretions on an airfoil has been presented.Based on two-phase flow theory,the governing equations of the airflow and droplets were established.A permeable wall was proposed to simulate the droplet impingement on the airfoil surface.An integral boundary layer method,modified to consider the roughness effect,was employed to evaluate the convective heat transfer coefficient.The thermodynamic model for glaze ice accretions was presented by performing the mass and thermal balances.The process of ice accretions was simulated with the assumption that ice accumulates layer-by-layer,and the ice shape was built with the assumption that ice grows in the direction normal to the airfoil surface.The glaze ice accretions on a NACA 0012 airfoil at different environmental temperatures were investigated,while the predicted results and experimental data were compared,indicating that the simulated method presented in this paper is feasible and effective.