2021 Vol. 36, No. 10

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Numerical investigation on adaptive flow-control of supersonic inlet based on air-bleeding multi-slots
WEN Yufen, ZHANG Chenkai, ZHANG Zheng, GAO Jingjing
2021, 36(10): 2017-2028. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200487
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(5035KB) icon670 icon260
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An adaptive flow-control method based on air-bleeding multi-slots for a supersonic mixed-compression two-dimensional inlet was brought forward.Two inlet models with/without air-bleeding method were designed separately and a comparison of the inlet performance was conducted with numerical method.Effects of air-bleeding on the self-starting ability，critical performance and resistance characteristic were attained.Results indicated that setting a series of air-bleeding slots in the internal contraction region of the inlet can obviously improve the critical performance of the inlet without deterioration to its self-starting characteristics.Meanwhile，bleeding mass flow can be self-regulated with the movement of the incident shock of the lip and its reflected shock.Compared with the inlet without flow-control method，the maximum backpressure and the total pressure recovery coefficient of the inlet was raised by 12.15% and 7.11% separately at design operation by means of air-bleeding，with a cost of only 0.71% reduction of mass flow and 2.7% resistance increment.Moreover，the increment of resistance can be further reduced to only 1% at cruise operation.
Test and analysis on high and low temperature on starting performance of a turboshaft engine
QI Bin, LIU Tao, YANG Caiqiong, JIA Funian, ZHU Mingyong
2021, 36(10): 2029-2035. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210165
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(2781KB) icon644 icon246
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The comparative analysis test of the starting performance of turboshaft engine with RP-3 and RP-5 fuel was carried out.The variation law of resistance torque and electric motor torque under different ambient temperature was analyzed and the limitation of current calculation method was pointed out.The influences of ambient temperature，fuel type and fuel flow rate on the starting limit temperature of the engine were found out.The test results showed that with the decrease of temperature，the viscosity of oil increased，the rotor resistance torque increased and the engine belt speed and rotor rotation time decreased significantly.Under the extreme low temperature conditions，the two kinds of fuel had great influence on the starting performance of turboshaft engine.However，under the high temperature condition，the engine starting performance with the above fuels was the same.The engine can start successfully at -40 ℃ with RP-3 fuel，but it can only start successfully at -20 ℃ with RP-5 fuel after adjusting the fuel.Increasing the fuel flow within a certain range can improve the starting ability of the engine using RP-5 fuel.The research results provide a reference for high and low temperature tests of similar engines.
Investigation of control strategy for quad-tilt-rotor aircraft in helicopter mode
ZHOU Pan, CHEN Renliang, YU Zhiming
2021, 36(10): 2036-2051. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200384
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(7347KB) icon414 icon173
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Quad-tilt-rotor aircraft is a vehicle of particular configuration.For its strategy of the helicopter mode，a nonlinear flight dynamic model was established for a prototype，and some relevant test were carried out.Four control strategies were proposed，and a relatively reasonable control strategy was determined by comparing the trim values，control efficiency and cross coupling.The control redundant problem of quad-tilt-rotor aircraft in helicopter mode was solved under the strategy.At last，the influence of the center of gravity location on trim characteristics and control efficiency was analyzed.The results showed that the main control efficiency of longitudinal and lateral channel obtained by collective differential was much greater than by linkage of cyclic pitch.The main control efficiency of yaw channel obtained by cyclic pitch differential was greater than by collective differential.The cross coupling of yaw channel obtained by lateral cyclic pitch differential was less than longitudinal cyclic pitch differential.The values of trimming and cross coupling were the minimum at the normal position of center of gravity.
Disturbance response characteristics of multi-rotor UAV during ammunition launching
WANG Zixu, WANG Zhenxiong, LI Pan, CHEN Peng, KANG Kai
2021, 36(10): 2052-2060. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200387
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(3764KB) icon403 icon181
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Focusing on disturbance response of the ammunition launching process，the flight dynamics model of the multi-rotor UAV （unmanned aerial vehicle） was established based on the idea of multi-body kinetics.The influences of the parameters of ammunition installation position，mass，recoil and tilt launching angle on the position，altitude and attitude disturbance response of UAV during launching were analyzed under the condition of basic stability augmentation and control augmentation flight control.The analysis showed that for the ammunition horizontal launching，the longitudinal installation position had an important influence on the disturbance amplitude of UAV horizontal position，and the appropriate rear ammunition installation position can reduce the disturbance amplitude of position.Under the condition of other certain parameters，there existed the ammunition longitudinal installation position with the least disturbance of UAV position.For ammunition oblique launching，the contour diagram of the disturbance amplitude of UAV horizontal position relating to ammunition installation position and oblique launching angle was given，which can provide reference for UAV and ammunition matching and selection.
Improved prediction model of gray and thickness of fluorescent oil film based on Hankel matrix
QIAN Hongjiang, DONG Xiucheng, ZHANG Zhengyu
2021, 36(10): 2061-2071. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210147
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4267KB) icon474 icon175
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In order to solve the problem of tedious and time-consuming data collection methods for the relationship between gray and thickness of fluorescent oil film，the system identification algorithm of Hankel matrix was studied，and two improved methods such as Hankel array error correction model and Hankel array high order iterative error correction model were proposed accordingly，which can achieve the prediction of the remaining unknown fluorescent oil film thickness values by using a very small amount of data to build the models.The prediction of the remaining unknown fluorescent oil film thickness values was achieved with high accuracy.The test results showed that the interpolation capability of the interpolation method seemed not applicable in the particular context of modelling a very small amount of data to predict data points outside that amount of data，while the prediction accuracy of the traditional Hankel array prediction model was 76.69%；the Hankel array error correction model and the Hankel array high order iterative error correction model had a prediction accuracy of 85.69% and 89.25%，respectively，9% and 12.56% higher than those of the traditional method.This has provided a feasible technical route for modelling the gray and thickness of fluorescent oil film in the field of fluorescent oil flow technology with certain practical engineering application significance.
Experiment on performance of elliptic oil-film bearing with GMA
YIN Xuemei, ZHANG Yikui, JI Shuaicheng, WU Chao, MA Mingfei
2021, 36(10): 2072-2079. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210287
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(3929KB) icon343 icon96
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A three degree of freedom experimental device for a controllable elliptical bearing with the giant magnetostrictive actuator （GMA） was set up to investigate the performance of the bearing.The orbit of the rotor supported by the elliptical bearing was dynamically controlled by GMA，and the process of oil film formation and rupture of elliptical bearing was also observed.The influences of the parameters such as shaft rotational speed，oil inlet pressure and bearing eccentricity on the position of oil film cavitation in elliptical bearings were investigated.The experimental results showed that there were obvious lubrication silks in the dynamic cavitation of elliptical bearing，which moved against the direction of the rotating oil flow.With the increase of shaft rotational speed or bearing eccentricity，the rupture edge of oil film in the circumferential direction of the elliptical bearing was advanced，and with the increase of shaft rotational speed or the decrease of oil inlet pressure，the cavitation position of the elliptical bearing moved against the direction of axial oil flow.The working frequency vibration of the rotor system can be better suppressed by properly controlling the oil-film clearance of the short axis of the elliptical bearing with GMA.The research results can provide reference for the stability of the elliptical oil film bearing.
Wave tooth surface design of high contact ratio spiral bevel gear with minimum loaded transmission error
MU Yanming, HE Xueming, FANG Zongde
2021, 36(10): 2080-2089. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200502
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4421KB) icon513 icon131
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To improve the meshing performance of spiral bevel gear，a novel wave tooth surface design method was proposed to reduce the loaded transmission error of high contact ratio spiral bevel gear based on the ease-off technology.In view of the fact that the concave transmission error can reduce the loaded transmission error of high contact ratio spiral bevel gear transmission，the wave tooth surface modification model suitable for the high contact ratio was established.Based on the ease-off technology，an optimization model with the pinion processing parameters as the optimization variable was established for reducing the loaded transmission error amplitude，and the spiral bevel gear transmission with good meshing performance was obtained by optimization.Through simulation analysis，it was found that the loaded transmission error amplitude of the optimized high contact ratio spiral bevel gear with second-order parabolic transmission error was reduced by 34.152%，and the loaded transmission error amplitude of the innovative modification spiral bevel gear obtained by the wave tooth surface design method was reduced by 61.492%.Therefore，the wave tooth surface design method proposed can effectively improve the meshing performance of high contact ratio spiral bevel gears，laying a theoretical foundation for tooth surface modification of spiral bevel gear transmission with good meshing performance.
Bearing fault diagnosis based on adaptive piecewise hybrid system
WANG Shan, NIU Pingjuan, GUO Yongfeng, WANG Fuzhong, MA Xueru, HAN Lili, WANG Yan
2021, 36(10): 2090-2100. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200381
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(6239KB) icon328 icon84
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An view of the problem of early bearing fault diagnosis under high level of background noise，an adaptive hybrid piecewise stochastic resonance （APHSR） based on unsaturated stochastic resonance was proposed.According to this method，empirical mode decomposition （EMD） was used to preprocess the signal，while energy density method and correlation coefficient method were adopted to reduce high and low frequency noises respectively，obtaining the optimal intrinsic mode functions；and the model of the unsaturated stochastic resonance system was input after scale transformation，then the optimal parameters were obtained automatically and the fault signal was extracted.The engineering test data showed that the spectrum amplitude of bearing fault characteristic frequency，the difference between characteristic frequency amplitude and surrounding maximum noise，and the system output SNR （signal to noise ratio） were higher than those of EMD denoising and classical bistable stochastic resonance methods.Among them，the output SNR of gearbox fault bearing increased by 9.579 dB and 7.473 dB，respectively，the output SNR of rotor fault bearing increased by 8.597 dB and 5.695 dB，respectively，and the output SNR of outer ring bearing fault of Case Western Reserve University increased by 3.369 dB and 17.043 dB，respectively.The data showed that the APHSR method had high efficiency and strong applicability in bearing fault detection.
Vibration characteristics of needle roller bearing under planetary rotation
WANG Yubo, ZHOU Caihong, DENG Kaiwen, DENG Sier
2021, 36(10): 2101-2113. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200518
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(6199KB) icon311 icon116
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Dynamic differential equations of needle roller bearing was established，and solved by using gear stiff （GSTIFF） variable-step integration algorithm.The slip rate and vibration characteristics of cage between rotation and planetary rotation were compared，and the effects of vibration characteristics and slip rate of cage on the structural parameters and operating conditions under planetary rotation were further analyzed.The results showed that： one amplitude corresponded to each multiple band of the frame vibration acceleration spectrum under rotation conditions，two amplitudes corresponded to the multiple band of the frame vibration acceleration under planetary rotation conditions；the value increased with the increase of radial force and the velocity of orbital，decreased with the increase of the velocity of the rotation，there was an optimal gap ratio，which was about 1 to make the cage vibration amplitude minimum；the trend of slip rate of cage was similar to that without planetary rotation，but the level of reduction was higher.In summary，the radial vibration characteristic of cage was increased and the peripheral vibration characteristic was reduced under planetary rotation.
Bismaleimide resin modification for Z-pin high efficiency pultrusion
ZHOU Zhou, HUAN Dajun, LI Yong, LI Lisha, LIU Hongquan, JIAO Yang
2021, 36(10): 2114-2125. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200479
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(5337KB) icon323 icon236
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To meet the demand of bismaleimide resin （BMI） for Z-pin high efficient pultrusion applications，its properties such as low viscosity （500 mPa·s），heat resistance （glass transition temperature is more than 200 ℃），fast curing and good toughness shall be required.TDE-85 epoxy resin （EP） was used to reduce the viscosity of BMI，and further modifiers were added to improve the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the resin.Viscosity test，differential scanning calorimetry，thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical properties test were used to study the curing process，curing reaction kinetics，heat resistance and basic mechanical properties of the resin，and the best resin system was selected for the preparation of Z-pin and performance test and analysis.The results showed that the addition of TDE-85 epoxy resin can effectively reduce the viscosity of the resin system and meet the demand of high efficiency pultrusion process.The addition of modifier diphenylmethane （MDI） improved the toughness and heat resistance of EP-BMI system.The glass transition temperature was 251 ℃，and the comprehensive performance was optimized.The tensile strength and impact strength of the cast body were 66 MPa and 21 kJ/m2，which increased by 38% and 53%，respectively.The short beam shear strength of Z-pin was 67 MPa and the bond strength with the substrate was 31.2 MPa.In summary，the modified resin system can fully meet the process requirements and performance requirements of high efficiency pultrusion of Z-pin.It has good engineering application value.
Influence of rotor unbalance on dynamic coupling characteristics of angular contact ball bearing-rigid rotor system
CHEN Shijin, SHUAI Qiqi, CHEN Xiaoyang, GU Jiaming, LIU Zhaoxia
2021, 36(10): 2126-2138. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200484
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(6626KB) icon356 icon197
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A complete dynamic numerical simulation model of the high-speed angular contact ball bearing-rigid rotor system was established.Taking an instrument bearing-rotor system as an example，the influences of rotor unbalance on the vibration response of the rotor，the load distribution of the bearing，the movement trajectory and frequency domain amplitude change of the cage mass center and its wear were analyzed.The results showed that when there was no rotor unbalance，the shaft vibration only included the cage frequency，and when the rotor was unbalanced，the shaft vibration included the inner ring frequency and its multiples in addition to the cage frequency.As the rotor unbalance increased，the shaft vibration amplitude corresponding to the inner ring frequency gradually increased，while the shaft vibration amplitude corresponding to the cage frequency first decreased and then increased.The fluctuation of the contact load between the ball and rings increased with the rotor unbalance，and the contact load included multiple coupling frequencies of the cage frequency and the inner ring frequency.The greater rotor unbalance indicated the more unstable mass center movement of cage，but the lower cage wear rate.In addition to the cage frequency，the mass center movement of cage also included the coupling frequency of the cage frequency and the inner ring frequency，indicating that the cage movement was affected by the rotor vibration.
Orientation-dependent low-cycle fatigue life evaluation method for single crystal superalloys
SUI Tianxiao, SHI Duoqi, WANG Xiangping, DU Wei, YANG Xiaoguang
2021, 36(10): 2139-2148. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200521
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(5171KB) icon486 icon185
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In order to investigate the anisotropy of low-cycle fatigue （LCF） properties of single crystal （SC） superalloys，the LCF experimental data of SC7-14-6，DD3，PWA1480，Rene N4 and DD6 were collected from literatures.The calculation method of elastic modulus of SC superalloys was verified.The elastic modulus of different orientations was introduced to modify the total strain amplitude.A simple expression of LCF damage parameter was proposed，which was suitable for different crystallographic orientations of single crystal superalloys.Furthermore，an orientation-dependent LCF life evaluation method was formed.The experimental data of the above five alloys were used to validate this method.The results showed that：the elastic modulus was an important factor influencing the anisotropy of SC superalloys' LCF performance；the elastic modulus conversion method among different orientations in literature was reliable；most prediction results of the proposed method were within a factor of two.The proposed method is quite simple and effective，and it is suitable for engineering applications.
Influence of turbulent parameters on fan broadband noise prediction
YANG Ye, WANG Liangfeng, HONG Shaozun, LIU Xuliang, YANG Dangguo
2021, 36(10): 2149-2156. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200357
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(3029KB) icon291 icon115
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For modern advanced turbofan engines，the increasing broadband noise of fan/compressor has become an urgent problem.Based on the 3D fan sound source model，the influence of turbulent input parameters on broadband noise prediction was studied.As a result，the back-transmission sound power level was generally about 5 dB higher than the front-transmission sound power level.When the turbulent parameters increased，the front-transmission and the back-transmission sound power level could also change greatly，but had little influence on the spectrum shape；the sound power level decreased with the increase of the turbulence integral scale，and increased with the background turbulence velocity，the centerline turbulence velocity and the turbulence width，of which the background turbulence velocity had the greatest influence on the broadband noise.It was found that the turbulent parameters affected the prediction results of broadband noise by acting on the upwash velocity spectrum.
Optimization design and test of the non-axisymmetric endwall of the compressor stator
WANG Jiayu, HU Jun, JIANG Chao
2021, 36(10): 2157-2172. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200389
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(9017KB) icon334 icon135
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In order to explore the optimization design method of non-axisymmetric endwall in multistage compressor environment，the non-axisymmetric endwall profiling of the casing endwall and the hub endwall of an embedded stator was studied by numerical simulation optimization and experimental test.The local total pressure loss coefficient of local blade height near the endwall was selected as the objective function.The result proved that compared with the traditional total pressure loss of whole blade height as the objective function，the total pressure loss coefficient of stator can be reduced more in less optimization steps （400 steps），showing that this method can effectively reduce the optimization time and lay a foundation for the engineering application of non-axisymmetric endwall optimization design in multistage compressors.
Uncertainty analysis of effects of end wall fillet radius error on high-load stator cascade performance
GUO Zhengtao, CHU Wuli, JI Tianyuan, YANG Jibo, ZHANG Yaofeng
2021, 36(10): 2173-2185. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200519
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(6136KB) icon360 icon116
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To provide a strong reference for the high-precision design and manufacture of the compressor stators，a high-load compressor stator cascade was used as the research object，and the non-intrusive polynomial chaos method based on Gaussian random input was used to quantitatively evaluate the uncertainty effect of the end wall fillet radius manufacturing error on the aerodynamic performance under the minimum loss and near stall conditions.Results showed that the uncertainty of the fillet radius error had little effect on the average level of aerodynamic performance，which was mainly reflected by the standard deviation of aerodynamic performance parameters.The robustness of aerodynamic performance can be nearly doubled by increasing the manufacturing accuracy of the fillet radius.When the manufacturing accuracy was constant，the robustness of total pressure losses under near stall conditions should be focused on to conduct the robustness design of the blade.According to the correlation analysis between the end wall fillet radius in the tolerance zone and the aerodynamic performance under near stall conditions，the fillet radius had a linear relationship with the aerodynamic performance，and it was required to avoid the use of blades with a rounding radius smaller than the nominal so as to obtain better aerodynamic performance.Through the uncertainty analysis of the near stall flow field，the separated flow was more sensitive to the rounding radius manufacturing error，which was the main factor causing the uncertainty of the aerodynamic performance.
Combustor turbine interaction based on scale adaptive simulation
JIANG Lijun, CAO Jun, TAO Yanming, XIONG Qingyong, XIAO Wei
2021, 36(10): 2186-2196. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200493
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(5467KB) icon414 icon264
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In order to study the mechanisms of combustor turbine interactions，integrated simulation of a realistic aero engine configuration，including combustor and turbine，was conducted by using scale adaptive simulation method.The impacts of the turbine nozzle guide vane on flow and temperature fields inside the combustor together with the effect of the velocity profile in the outlet of combustor and hot-streaks on turbine thermodynamics characteristics were both analyzed by the integrated simulation.The results demonstrated that the scale adaptive simulation method obtained a fine prediction on combustor and turbine performances and the complicated vortex structures were well resolved.Moreover，the velocity field inside combustor was distinctly influenced by the nozzle guide vane up to a distance of 0.3 axial chord length in front of the stator's leading edge，and the impacts of velocity profile in the outlet of combustor and hot-streaks on the turbine aerodynamics and heat transfer were quite significant.
Influence of sidewall interference in wind tunnel on rime ice on airfoil
GUO Qiling, LIU Senyun, YI Xian, GUO Xiangdong, LIU Yu, YANG Shengke
2021, 36(10): 2197-2206. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200517
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4520KB) icon234 icon92
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Numerical simulation was used to study the influence of sidewall interference on the process of ice accretion on NACA0012 airfoil under different blockage ratios.Research on the flow field and droplet trajectories showed that the sidewall can compress the air，causing more droplets to impact the leading edge of the wing，increasing the collection coefficient；the total amount of droplets collected on the wing surface was proportional to the blockage ratio and inversely proportional to the droplet Reynolds number；the sidewall can change the direction of droplet impaction，causing the offset of impingement limit and the position of the maximum local collection coefficient.The study of ice accretion using a multi-step method showed that the relative additional increment caused by the sidewall interference influence was about 16% under the baseline calculation condition，when the blockage ratio was 20% the relative additional increment icing mass in each time step was basically the same under the same blockage ratio.A factor reflecting the influence of sidewall interference on droplet collection was proposed，indicating an approximate linear relation with the additional increment of droplet collection.
Longitudinal attitude control for very flexible aircraft with thrust cooperation
LEI Hao, CHEN Boyi, LIU Yanbin, LU Yuping
2021, 36(10): 2207-2217. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200457
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4478KB) icon311 icon91
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The improved multi-body model of very flexible aircraft was proposed to analyse the flight/structure coupled dynamics characteristics of very flexible aircraft,the longitudinal dynamics characteristics of very flexible aircraft were studied and the longitudinal attitude controller was designed.The dynamics of dihedral angle was used to approximate the structural dynamics characteristics of very flexible aircraft,and the coupled longitudinal dynamics model was derived.The improved model was trimmed under different load conditions,and the relationship between the stability and deformation of the system was analyzed according to the linearized model at the equilibrium point.The longitudinal attitude controller was designed for attitude stabilization and tracking of very flexible aircraft.Compared with conventional aircrafts,large deformation occurs during the flight of very flexible aircraft.When the load was large,the trimmed configuration was approximately “U” shaped,and the longitudinal phugoid period was unstable.The results showed that as the deformation increased,the coupling between the modes increased.The longitudinal attitude control of very flexible aircraft needed to control the velocity at the same time and takes the coupled structure dynamics into account,otherwise,due to the coupling effect between structure and flight dynamics,the system will even be divergent.
Slow feature density clustering-based gas path anomaly detection method
SUN Hao, FU Xuyun, ZHONG Shisheng
2021, 36(10): 2218-2229. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200382
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4569KB) icon299 icon89
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Based on the kernel method，slow feature analysis algorithm and density clustering method，a mixed-kernel slow feature density clustering algorithm was proposed to detect the original gas path parameters of civil aero-engine.The introduction of the kernel method overcame the possible dimensional explosion when the slow feature analysis dealt with complex data，and it took full use of the characteristics of different kernel functions and advantages of slow feature analysis.This algorism can extract the feature with the slowest time-dependent change from the original gas path parameters and use it as the input of the density clustering algorithm.Then the anomalies were found out.Through experimental validation，this method had the best clustering results and the lowest false alarm rate on certain anomalies.Especially，the number of false alarms was less than 0.5% of the total number of samples when detecting the anomaly of the variable bleed valve system，proving it is an efficient method.
Effect of flame stabilizer relative parameters on combustion and flow field in water ramjet
LI Shangzhong, XIANG Min, YANG Xixiang, XIE Zeyang, ZHANG Weihua
2021, 36(10): 2230-2240. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20200491
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4424KB) icon439 icon145
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When the blunt body flame stabilizer installed in the combustion chamber，part of the burnt high-temperature combustion products can ignite fresh combustible mixture in the recirculation zone at the rear of the flame stabilizer so that the stable and efficient combustion can be achieved.By changing the flame stabilizer relative metal fuel inlet height and relative primary water inlet position，the effects of two different relative parameters：relative metal fuel inlet height and relative primary water inlet position，on mixing，combustion and flame stability in the combustion chamber were compared and analyzed. The results showed that when the relative metal fuel inlet height H was greater than 1，the combustion flame cannot be stabilized in the recirculation zone.When the relative position of flame stabilizer was fixed，the flame stabilization effect increased with the decrease of relative metal fuel inlet height in a certain range.Furthermore，there was superior relative metal fuel inlet height （H=1），which made the mixing efficiency and flame stability better in the combustion chamber.When the relative metal fuel inlet height H=1 was kept unchanged，considering the flame stability，aluminum/water mixing efficiency and engine performance synthetically，L=0.5 was the ideal relative position of flame stabilizer.

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