| Citation: | MA Yijian, CHAI Delin, YI Xian, et al. Advances in microphysical properties and detection approaches of high-altitude ice-crystal clouds[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40（9）：20240372 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240372
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Engine icing arising from the entry of ice crystals into aircraft engines is a significant factor endangering flight safety. There is a scarcity of systematic summaries on the key microphysical properties of high-altitude cloud ice crystals and the methods for detecting them, which are crucial for understanding the ice formation process. To grasp the current state of research on the microphysical characteristics of ice crystals in high-altitude clouds, both domestic and international, a literature review was conducted for summarizing the current status of research on the classification of ice crystal shapes, ice crystal size, total water content (TWC), and their detection methods in high-altitude atmospheric clouds. The study also categorized and summarized the distribution characteristics and variation patterns of ice crystal shape and size with cloud type, altitude, and environmental temperature, as well as the variation patterns of TWC with cloud altitude, environmental temperature, and exposure length. Results showed that the shape of ice crystals was influenced by the type of cloud; the size (largest dimension) of ice crystals was closely related to their shape; and the TWC in clouds varied with cloud exposure length, altitude, and environmental temperature. Based on this, and in conjunction with the characteristics of high-altitude ice crystal detection technology, the challenges faced in the research and development of detection technology for the microphysical properties of high-altitude ice crystals and clouds were summarized. The primary challenges were encapsulated in the difficulties associated with real-time observation and classification of ice crystal particles, the impact of environmental factors and limitations in geographical applicability, the challenges in acquiring ice crystal particles necessary for experiments, and the constraints imposed by the detection technology itself. These issues underscored the complexity of advancing our understanding and capabilities in this field.
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