| Citation: | NIE Yang, LI Baokuan, YANG Xiaoxi, et al. Study on sand ingestion trajectory of two-dimensional external-compression inlet based on overset mesh technology[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2026, 41（5）：20240442 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20240442
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To address the safety assessment requirements for aircraft engines damaged by foreign objects, a numerical simulation method based on overset mesh technology and a dilute-phase gas-solid two-phase flow method was developed to study the sand ingestion behavior in aircraft inlets. A three-dimensional compressible gas-solid two-phase coupling mathematical model was established to simulate external flow around the entire aircraft and the ingestion of ground sand into the inlet. This model accounted for various forces acting on particles and their interactions with the inner wall. Finally, the sand ingestion behavior of a two-dimensional external-compression inlet under different conditions was examined, focusing on sand trajectories and impact parameters on the engine fan. The results indicated that most particles, after entering through the auxiliary intake, collided once with the top of the inlet, and subsequently, their impact locations on the engine fan were primarily outside 0.5 times the fan radius. Under no-wind and headwind conditions, sand impacts on the left and right engines formed a symmetrical “V” pattern near the aircraft centerline. Increased engine power, higher headwind speeds, and lower sand density led to more dispersed impact locations, with an increasing number of particles located within 0.5 to 0.8 times the fan radius. Moreover, under rated engine and no-wind conditions, the aircraft cannot ingest sand from the ground at speeds above 11 m/s. In comparison, crosswind conditions significantly increased sand ingestion by the downstream inlet, greatly exacerbating the differential wear between the two engines and severely compromising the aircraft’s stability and balance.
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