Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Liu Jiahuan, Liu Gaowen, Liu Yue, et al. Analysis and experimental study of leakage characteristics of rotating seal ring[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2026, 41(X):20250174 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250174
Citation: Liu Jiahuan, Liu Gaowen, Liu Yue, et al. Analysis and experimental study of leakage characteristics of rotating seal ring[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2026, 41(X):20250174 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250174

Analysis and experimental study of leakage characteristics of rotating seal ring

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250174
  • Received Date: 2025-04-13
    Available Online: 2026-08-31
  • Rotating seal ring are used in aero engines to block low-temperature bleed air in the bearing cavity from high-temperature bleed air in the turbine. In order to obtain the influence of rotation speed and inlet and outlet pressure ratio on the sealing effect, an experimental system with high pressure ratio and high speed was built. Through the measurement of multi-section parameters, combined with the comparative experiments of sealing clearance and contact surface lubrication, the evolution law of leakage characteristics was analyzed. The results show that the leakage is reduced by 36.4% when the rotation speed is increased from 0 to 10000 r/min (pressure ratio 2.5), and the leakage increases by 91.8% when the pressure ratio is increased from 1.1 to 2.5 (10000 r/min). The assembly clearance affects less than 5% within the 0.5mm tolerance, and the addition of lubricating coatings reduces leakage by 15-60%. Numerical simulations show that the average contact stress increases by up to 1.24 MPa under the experimental conditions, which improves the sealing effect, and the increase of friction coefficient reduces the average contact stress by more than 1.35 MPa, which is not conducive to sealing. The quantitative relationship between rotational speed and seal performance and the efficiency mechanism of lubrication are revealed, which provides a basis for the design of rotary seals for aero engines.

     

  • loading
  • [1]
    Ludwig L P, Bill R C. Gas path sealing in turbine engines[J]. A S L E Transactions, 1980, 23(1): 1-22. doi: 10.1080/05698198008982942
    [2]
    Chupp R E, Hendricks R C, Lattime S B, et al. Sealing in turbomachinery[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2006, 22(2): 313-349. doi: 10.2514/1.17778
    [3]
    Hendricks R C, Steinetz B M. Turbomachine Sealing and Secondary Flows: NASA/TM-2004-211991[R]. Cleveland, US: NASA, Glenn Research Center, 2004.
    [4]
    傅力宏, 张雪辉, 陈海生, 等. 涡轮叶顶泄漏控制研究进展[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2023, 44(5): 1177-1198. Fu Lihong, Zhang Xuehui, Chen Haisheng, et al. Research progress of turbine tip leakage control[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2023, 44(5): 1177-1198. (in Chinese

    Fu Lihong, Zhang Xuehui, Chen Haisheng, et al. Research progress of turbine tip leakage control[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2023, 44(5): 1177-1198. (in Chinese)
    [5]
    Kong Xiaozhi, Liu Yuxin, Liu Gaowen, et al. Attempts on the reduction of leakage flow through the stator well in an axial compressor[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2019, 141(8): 082501. doi: 10.1115/1.4042651
    [6]
    高庆, 陶加银, 宋立明, 等. 涡轮轮缘密封封严效率的数值研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2013, 47(5): 12-17. Gao Qing, Tao Jiayin, Song Liming, et al. Numerical investigation on the sealing efficiency of the turbine rim seal[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2013, 47(5): 12-17. (in Chinese doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb201305003

    Gao Qing, Tao Jiayin, Song Liming, et al. Numerical investigation on the sealing efficiency of the turbine rim seal[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2013, 47(5): 12-17. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb201305003
    [7]
    艾延廷, 来纯强, 郝燕平, 等. 航空发动机安装边螺栓连接密封特性试验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2018, 33(10): 2315-2323. Ai Yanting, Lai Chunqiang, Hao Yanping, et al. Experiment on sealing characteristics of bolted flanged connections for aero-engines[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(10): 2315-2323. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.10.002

    Ai Yanting, Lai Chunqiang, Hao Yanping, et al. Experiment on sealing characteristics of bolted flanged connections for aero-engines[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(10): 2315-2323. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.10.002
    [8]
    Hawkins R M, Mckibbin A H. Development of compressor end seals stator interstage seals and stator pivot seals in advanced air breathing propulsion systems Part Ⅱ: NASA/CR-72887[R]. Cleveland: US: NASA Lewis Research Center, 1976.
    [9]
    Moore A. Gas turbine engine internal air systems: a review of the requirements and the problems[C]// ASME 1975 Winter Annual Meeting. Houston, US: ASME, 1975: V001T01A001.
    [10]
    郭金道, 赵欢, 王平, 等. 基于引气封油方式的轴承腔密封间隙油气两相泄漏流动特性数值与试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(3): 214-225. Guo Jindao, Zhao Huan, Wang Ping, et al. Numerical and experimental study on oil-air two-phase, eakage flow characteristics based on air-bleeding oil-sealing mode in seal clearance of bearing cavity[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(3): 214-225. (in Chinese doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.03.214

    Guo Jindao, Zhao Huan, Wang Ping, et al. Numerical and experimental study on oil-air two-phase, eakage flow characteristics based on air-bleeding oil-sealing mode in seal clearance of bearing cavity[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(3): 214-225. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.03.214
    [11]
    Bounazef M, Guessasma S, Ait Saadi B. The wear, deterioration and transformation phenomena of abradable coating BN–SiAl–bounding organic element, caused by the friction between the blades and the turbine casing[J]. Materials Letters, 2004, 58(27/28): 3375-3380. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2004.02.049
    [12]
    Papa M, Goldstein R J, Gori F. Effects of tip geometry and tip clearance on the mass/heat transfer from a large-scale gas turbine blade[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2003, 125(1): 90-96. doi: 10.1115/1.1529190
    [13]
    Miorini R L, Wu Huixuan, Katz J. The internal structure of the tip leakage vortex within the rotor of an axial waterjet pump[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2012, 134(3): 031018. doi: 10.1115/1.4003065
    [14]
    Williams R J. Simulation of blade casing interaction phenomena in gas turbines resulting from heavy tip rubs using an implicit time marching method[C]// ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, British Columbia, Canada: ASME, 2011: 1007-1016.
    [15]
    Pátý M, Cernat B C, De Maesschalck C, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of optimized blade tip shapes: part II: tip flow analysis and loss mechanisms[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2019, 141: 011007. doi: 10.1115/1.4041466
    [16]
    Wiese C J, Berdanier R A, Thole K A. Optimization of tip seal grooves for aerodynamic and durability improvements of small-core turbines[C]// ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, London, United Kingdom, ASME, 2024, 124299.
    [17]
    Millward J A, Edwards M F. Windage heating of air passing through labyrinth seals[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1996, 118(2): 414-419. doi: 10.1115/1.2836657
    [18]
    Hirano T, Guo Zenglin, Kirk R G. Application of computational fluid dynamics analysis for rotating machinery: part II: labyrinth seal analysis[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2005, 127(4): 820-826. doi: 10.1115/1.1808426
    [19]
    Paolillo R, Wang C Z, Vashist T K, et al. Rotating seal rig experiments: test results and analysis modeling[C]// ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. Barcelona, Spain: ASME, 2008: 1551-1559.
    [20]
    Dogu Y, Sertçakan M C, Gezer K, et al. Labyrinth seal leakage degradation due to various types of wear[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2017, 139(6): 062504. doi: 10.1115/1.4035658
    [21]
    Straka P. Numerical Study of Shaft-Seal Parameters for Various Geometry Configurations and Operation Regimes[C]//12th International Conference on Experimental Fluid Mechanics (EFM), Mikulov, Czech Republic: EDP Sciences, 2018: 180.
    [22]
    Mo Jintao, Yu Zhiwei, Luo Ying, et al. Numerical and experimental analysis of the rotor eccentric effect on the labyrinth seal[C]//6th International Conference on Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing (ICMMM), Boston, US: IOP Publishing, 2019, 689: 012012.
    [23]
    Cangioli F, Vannini G, Pennacchi P, et al. Rotordynamic characterization of a staggered labyrinth seal: experimental test data and comparison with predictions[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2019, 141: 011009. doi: 10.1115/1.4040688
    [24]
    Yin Ge, Huang Biao, Huang Xinchang, et al. Study on rotordynamic characteristics of the staggered-tooth labyrinth seal mounting anti-swirl brake with upstream rotor-step in steam turbines[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2024, 58(6): 53-64.
    [25]
    Sun W, Liu Y, Li Y, et al. Analysis and experimental verification on the leakage of labyrinth seals under multiple factors[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University. Science and Technology, 2024, 64(8): 1414-1423.
    [26]
    Flouros M, Stadlbauer M, Cottier F, et al. Transient temperature measurements in the contact zone between brush seals of kevlar and metallic type for bearing chamber sealing using a pyrometric technique[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2013, 135(8): 081603. doi: 10.1115/1.4024258
    [27]
    Denecke J, Schramm V, Dullenkopf K, et al. Advanced hydraulic seal design for high temperature environments[C]// ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. Barcelona, Spain: ASME, 2008: 1453-1462.
    [28]
    Siouris S, Shaw B, Wilson C. Method for the evaluation of elastomeric seals by compression stress relaxation[J]. Polymer Testing, 2013, 32(8): 1299-1305. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.08.013
    [29]
    李伟平, 贾占举, 路茜, 等. 金属封严环泄漏率预测方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2019, 34(2): 368-375. Li Weiping, Jia Zhanju, Lu Xi, et al. Method to predict leakage rate of metal seal ring[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2019, 34(2): 368-375. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2019.02.013

    Li Weiping, Jia Zhanju, Lu Xi, et al. Method to predict leakage rate of metal seal ring[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2019, 34(2): 368-375. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2019.02.013
    [30]
    史文谱, 刘爱荣, 王媛. 等速旋转开口薄壁圆环的力学分析问题[J]. 机械强度, 2010, 32(1): 134-138. Shi Wenpu, Liu Airong, Wang Yuan, et al. Mechanical analysis of the opening circle ring rotating at uniform angular speed[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2010, 32(1): 134-138. (in Chinese doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2010.01.004

    Shi Wenpu, Liu Airong, Wang Yuan, et al. Mechanical analysis of the opening circle ring rotating at uniform angular speed[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2010, 32(1): 134-138. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2010.01.004
    [31]
    郭海龙, 冯青, 刘高文, 等. 考虑间隙变化的旋转篦齿流动特性实验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2018, 33(7): 1779-1786. Guo Hailong, Feng Qing, Liu Gaowen, et al. Experiment on flow characteristic in rotating labyrinth with consideration of clearance change[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(7): 1779-1786. (in Chinese doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.07.027

    Guo Hailong, Feng Qing, Liu Gaowen, et al. Experiment on flow characteristic in rotating labyrinth with consideration of clearance change[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2018, 33(7): 1779-1786. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.07.027
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (36) PDF downloads(4) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return