| Citation: | LIN Xiaohui, GAO Wuhuan, QIN Tong, et al. Investigation of base load characteristics during aerodynamic reentry phase of super heavy starship[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2026, 41（5）：20250221 doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250221
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During the aerodynamic deceleration phase of a vertically landing reusable rocket, the vehicle’s base serves as the windward surface, exerting a significant influence on thrust, nozzle side forces, and the thermal environment of the bottom-mounted engines. The reentry flow field is highly complex. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to investigate the flow characteristics of the Starship lower stage, while the flow structure together with the pressure and thermal loads on the base nozzles was analyzed for Mach number of 3.5 at attack angles ranging from 0° to 15°. The side loads acting on the outer, middle, and inner nozzles exhibited an exponential decay, with a ratio of approximately 335∶19∶1. As the attack angle increased, the side load on the windward nozzles decreased, whereas that on the leeward nozzles increased. The base region and outer nozzles were strongly affected by aerodynamic heating. These results provide a theoretical guidance for the layout of base-mounted engines in vertical-landing rockets and for attitude control strategies during the aerodynamic deceleration phase.
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