高温高速混合陶瓷球轴承性能分析与试验研究

郑艳伟; 刘公平; 赵滨海; 郝大庆; 陈后清

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210402

高温高速混合陶瓷球轴承性能分析与试验研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210402

洛阳轴承研究所有限公司，河南洛阳 471039

详细信息

作者简介:
郑艳伟（1991-），男，工程师，硕士，主要从事于轴承设计、仿真分析及应用技术的研究。E-mail：2217768638@qq.com

中图分类号: V233.1；TH133.33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-27

Performance analysis and test research of high temperature and high speed hybrid ceramic ball bearings

Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Company Limited，Luoyang Henan 471039，China

摘要

摘要:
针对高温高速轴承易发生黏着磨损、保持架断裂等失效特征，搭建了轴承动力学分析模型和试验台架，对轴承进行了优化设计、性能分析及试验验证。研究结果表明：随着转速的增加，内圈接触应力增大，外圈接触应力减小，混合陶瓷球轴承的最大接触应力大于全钢轴承；随着转速的增加，滚动体与保持架的碰撞力、保持架打滑率和旋滚比均增加，保持架稳定性降低，全钢轴承的保持架打滑率和旋滚比均大于混合陶瓷球轴承，滚动体与保持架碰撞力相当；自主搭建了试验台进行试验研究，当供油温度110 ℃，转速为120000 r/min时，混合陶瓷球轴承温度低于全钢轴承，混合陶瓷球轴承振动加速度低于2.0g，全钢轴承振动加速度低于4.0g，通过供、回油温差，可判断混合陶瓷球轴承温升低于全钢轴承；试验验证了混合陶瓷轴承较全钢轴承更适用于高温高速工况。
- 高温 /
- 高速 /
- 混合陶瓷球轴承 /
- 接触应力 /
- 旋滚比
Abstract:
In view of the failure characteristics of high temperature and high speed bearings, such as adhesive wear and cage fracture, the bearing dynamic analysis model and bearing testing rig were built. The optimized design, performance analysis and test verification of the bearing were carried out. The research results showed that with the increase of the speed, the contact stress of the inner ring increased, and the contact stress of the outer ring decreased. The maximum contact stress of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing was greater than that of the all-steel bearing; with the increase of the speed, the rolling elements collided with the cage. The force, cage slip rate and spin-to-roll ratio increased, and the cage stability was reduced. The cage slip rate and spin-to-roll ratio of the all-steel bearing were both greater than those of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing, and the collision force of the rolling elements and the cage was equivalent; at the oil supply temperature of 110 °C, the speed was 120000 r/min, the temperature of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing was lower than that of the all-steel bearing, the vibration acceleration of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing was lower than 2.0g, and the vibration acceleration of the all-steel bearing was lower than 4.0g. It can be judged that the temperature rise of hybrid ceramic ball bearings was lower than that of all-steel bearings through the temperature difference between supply and return oil; the test verified that hybrid ceramic bearings were more suitable for high-temperature and high-speed working conditions than all-steel bearings.
- high temperature /
- high speed /
- hybrid ceramic ball bearings /
- contact stress /
- spin-to-roll

HTML

图 1 轴承结构图

Figure 1. Bearing structure

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图 2 轴承坐标系

Figure 2. Coordinate system of bearing

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图 3 滚动体与套圈之间的接触应力

Figure 3. Contact stress of rolling element to ring

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图 4 接触应力与转速关系

Figure 4. Relation of contact pressure with speed

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图 5 滚动体与套圈之间的旋滚比

Figure 5. Spin-to-roll of rolling element to ring

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图 6 旋滚比与转速的关系

Figure 6. Relation of spin-to-roll with speed

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图 7 滚动体与保持架之间的碰撞力与转速的关系

Figure 7. Relation of rolling element to cage force with speed

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图 8 保持架打滑率与转速的关系

Figure 8. Relation of cage slip ratio with speed

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图 9 混合陶瓷轴承保持架质心轨迹

Figure 9. Cage mass center trajectory of hybrid ceramic ball bearing

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图 10 全钢轴承保持架质心轨迹

Figure 10. Cage mass center trajectory of all-steel ball bearing

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图 11 试验机实物图

Figure 11. Testing machine object

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图 12 试验机结构简图

Figure 12. Structure diagram of testing machine

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图 13 轴承试验转速

Figure 13. Bearing test speed

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图 14 试验轴承振动加速度

Figure 14. Test bearing vibration acceleration

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图 15 被试轴承温度

Figure 15. Test bearing temperature

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图 16 供、回油温度

Figure 16. Supply and return oil temperature

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图 17 试验后轴承外观

Figure 17. Bearing after testing

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表 1 8Cr4Mo4V与Si₃N₄材料对比

Table 1. Characteristics of 8Cr4Mo4V compared with Si₃N₄

项目	8Cr4Mo4V	Si₃N₄
密度/（g/cm³）	7.9	3.2
热膨胀系数/10⁻⁶ （1/K）	10.6	3.2
弹性模量/GPa	210	320
泊松比	0.3	0.26
维式硬度/（kgf/mm²）	700～800	1400～1700
耐热温度/℃	360	580
磁性	好	不导磁

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表 2 轴承材料

Table 2. Bearing material

项目	材料
外圈	8Cr4Mo4V
内圈	13Cr4Mo4Ni4V
滚动体	Si₃N₄
保持架	40CrNiMoA

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表 3 轴承检测结果

Table 3. Bearing measurement result

轴承编号	内径尺寸偏差/μm （试验前/后）	外径尺寸偏差/μm （试验前/后）	径向游隙/μm （试验前/后）
全钢轴承1	1.5/1.5	3.5/3.5	27/27
全钢轴承2	2/2	3/3	26/26
混合陶瓷轴承1	2.5/2.5	3.5/3.5	27/27
混合陶瓷轴承2	1.5/1.5	3/3	27/27

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