Numerical simulations on effect of equivalence ratio on flow field in aluminum power/air rotating detonation engines
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摘要:
以铝粉为燃料，空气为氧化剂，通过一步反应机理，对不同当量比下气固两相旋转爆轰发动机的流场进行二维数值模拟研究。结果表明：由于颗粒注入速度和空气注入速度存在差异，导致反应物区中的颗粒三角区和空气三角区不完全重叠，使得当量比从0.6增加到1.4时，爆轰波前的平均局部当量比从0.929增加到2.093，爆轰波速度从2070 m/s降低到1690 m/s，爆轰波压力从5.67 MPa降低到4.87 MPa。燃烧室内基本的流场与气相旋转爆轰发动机相似，但气固两相之间的相互作用使得颗粒呈现出特有的分布特性，包括2个颗粒群和4条颗粒带以及它们之间的间隙。
Abstract:The flow field of a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation engine taking aluminum powder as fuel and air as oxidant with one step reaction was investigated by two-dimensional numerical simulations at different equivalence ratios. Results showed that the velocity of the detonation wave decreased from 2070 m/s to 1690 m/s and detonation pressure decreased from 5.67 MPa to 4.87 MPa when the equivalence ratio increased from 0.6 to 1.4, because the average local equivalence ratio increased from 0.929 to 2.093, which was caused by incomplete overlapping of trigonal zones between air and particles because of the injection velocity difference between air and particles. The flow field was similar to that in gas phase rotating detonation engines. However, unique distribution characteristics, including two particle groups, four particle bands and gaps among them due to the interaction between gas phase and solid phase, were obtained.
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图 2 Er=1.0 时稳定状态下不同网格尺寸的压力云图
Figure 2. Pressure contours for different cell sizes in stable state at Er=1.0
图 3 Er=1.0 时的平均局部当量比示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of average local equivalence ratio at Er=1.0
图 4 不同当量比下的压力和氧气质量分数云图
Figure 4. Contours of pressure and mass fraction of O2 at different equivalence ratios
图 5 Er=1.0 时气固两相RDE中的颗粒分布和流场示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of flow field and particle distribution for gas-solid two phase RDE at Er=1.0
图 6 不同当量比下颗粒密度和DPM质量浓度云图
Figure 6. Contours of particle density and DPM mass concentration at different equivalence ratios
图 7 Er=1.0 时的气固两相RDE典型颗粒分布示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of typical particle distribution for gas-solid two phase RDE at Er=1.0
图 8 Er=1.0 时入口处局部当量比和DPM质量浓度云图
Figure 8. Contours of local equivalence ratio and DPM mass concentration near the inlet at Er=1.0
图 9 Er=1.0 时爆轰波后的颗粒密度不均匀示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of uneven of particle density after RDW at Er=1.0
图 10 Er=1.0 时爆轰波后注入的颗粒爆燃示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of deflagration of particle injected after RDW at Er=1.0
图 11 Er=1.4 时不同时刻爆轰波后的爆燃颗粒的轨迹示意图和气体沿x方向速度图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of trajectories of deflagrated particles after RDWs and x velocity diagram of gas at Er=1.4
图 12 燃烧室入口处空气沿y向速度分布图（y=0）
Figure 12. Profile of y velocity of air at combustor inlet （y=0）
图 13 爆轰波后堆积颗粒的轨迹示意图
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of trajectory of accumulated particle after RDW
表 1 不同当量比下的铝颗粒的质量流量
Table 1. Mass flow rate of aluminum particle at different equivalence ratios
当量比 铝颗粒质量流量/（kg/s） 0.6 7.86 0.8 10.49 1.0 13.11 1.2 15.73 1.4 18.35 
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计算参数 数值 铝的密度/（kg/m3） 2719 铝的燃烧热/107 （J/kg） 3.1 铝的比定压热容/（J/（kg·K）） 871 表面反应指前因子/（kg/（m2·s）） 200 表面反应活化能/107 （J/kmol） 9.55 有限速率质量扩散常数/10−12 （kg/（m2·s·Pa）） 5.0
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表 3 Er=1.0时不同网格尺寸下的爆轰波参数
Table 3. Parameters of RDW for different cell sizes at Er=1.0
网格尺寸/
mm网格数量 爆轰波速度/
（m/s）爆轰波高度/
mm0.40×0.40 46875 1710 8.1 0.30×0.3125 80000 1760 9.5 0.25×0.25 120000 1790 9.8 0.20×0.20 187500 1 810 10.2
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表 4 不同当量比下的爆轰波参数
Table 4. Parameters of RDW at different equivalence ratios
Er ALEr 爆轰波压力/
MPa爆轰波速度/
（m/s）爆轰波高度/
mm0.6 0.929 5.67 2060 9.3 0.8 1.196 5.37 1 900 9.8 1.0 1.510 5.03 1 810 10.2 1.2 1.793 5.02 1740 10.0 1.4 2.093 4.87 1690 10.1
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表 5 不同当量比下颗粒三角区和空气三角区下游边界的斜率
Table 5. Slope of downstream boundary for trigonal zone of air and particle at different equivalence ratios
Er 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 tan $\alpha $ 0.113 0.113 0.105 0.109 0.115 tan $\beta $ 0.156 0.155 0.169 0.167 0.173
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