Effect of blockage rate on spray characteristics of liquid-liquid pintle multi-injector elements
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摘要:
为了研究阻塞率对针栓式喷注器喷雾场特性的影响，基于平面针栓喷注单元的研究思路，设计了结构可更换的平面针栓多喷注单元试验件，同时采用分相识别的PLIC VOF（piecewise linear interface calculation volume of fluid）多相流仿真方法及高速摄影试验方法，开展了阻塞率对液液针栓多喷注单元的雾化角、喷雾扩散角及液雾空间分布的影响规律研究。对于径向圆孔，阻塞率的改变通过改变径向孔直径及个数实现；对于径向矩形孔，阻塞率的改变还可以通过改变矩形的高宽比实现。研究发现：阻塞率对喷雾场的液雾空间分布有重要影响。在径向喷注孔总动量比不变时，阻塞率对喷雾场的影响主要通过喷雾扇空间间距的直接影响和转化为有效动量比的间接影响两种途径实现，径向孔形状对喷雾场的影响本质上也转化为阻塞率及有效动量比的影响。径向孔直径改变和形状改变造成的阻塞率变化对雾化角的影响仅通过有效动量比间接实现，喷注单元的雾化角理论模型也适用于多喷注单元；阻塞率对喷雾扩散角和液雾空间分布的影响则通过两种途径共同产生。另外，高的总动量比工况下，液雾径向分布范围会增大，相邻单元间相互作用会使得雾扇中心区和外侧区液雾分布量均增加。
Abstract:In order to study the influence of blockage rate on the spray characteristics of pintle injector, based on the design idea of a plane pintle injector element, the test parts of the plane pintle multi-injector elements with replaceable components were designed. At the same time, PLIC VOF (piecewise linear interface calculation volume of fluid) multiphase flow simulation method with each phase individually identified and the high-speed photography test method were used to study the influence of blockage rate on the spray angle, spray diffusion angle and spatial distribution of liquid spray in the liquid-liquid pintle multi-injector elements. For the multi-pintle injector element with radial circular orifices, the blockage rate was changed by changing the diameter and the number of radial orifices. For the multi-pintle injector element with radial rectangular orifices, the blockage rate was also changed by changing the rectangular aspect ratio of radial orifices. It was found that the blockage rate had important effect on the spray concentration spatial distribution of spray field. When the total momentum ratio remained unchanged, the effect of blockage rate on the spray field was directly produced by the spatial distance between the adjacent spray fans, and also indirectly produced by the effective momentum ratio on the other hand. The influence of radial orifice shape on the spray field was also essentially transformed into the influence of the blockage rate and effective momentum ratio. The influence of the blockage rate change on the spray angle was only indirectly realized by the effective momentum ratio, which was caused by the change of radial orifice diameter and shape. The spray angle theoretical model of pintle injector element was also applicable to multi-pinlte injector element. Meanwhile, the influence of the blockage rate on the spray diffusion angle and the spray concentration spatial distribution was achieved through two action ways. In addition, the spray radial distribution range increased under the condition of high total momentum ratio, and the liquid spray mass rate increased in the central and outer regions of the spray fan due to the interaction between adjacent injector elements.
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图 2 液液平面针栓多喷注单元试验装置结构
Figure 2. Structure of liquid-liquid plane pintle multi-injector element
图 3 多喷注单元径向孔结构
Figure 3. Structure of radial orifices in pintle multi-injector element
图 4 液液平面针栓多喷注单元雾化特性试验系统
Figure 4. Experiment system of spray characteristics for liquid-liquid plane pintle multi-injector element
图 8 图像灰度概率密度分布（数据处理方法无关性验证）
Figure 8. Image grayscale probability density distribution （verification of independence of data processing methods）
图 11 雾化角和喷雾扩散角示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of spray angle and spray diffusion angle
图 12 不同阻塞率下的雾化角及喷雾扩散角曲线
Figure 12. Curves of spray angle and spray diffusion angle in different blocking rates
图 13 多喷注单元喷雾场“背脊”结构
Figure 13. Ridge structure of spray field in multi-injector element
图 16 喷雾扇液膜撞击变形过程
Figure 16. Impingement and deformation process of spray fan liquid sheet
图 17 多径向圆孔的喷雾场瞬态图像
Figure 17. Transient image of spray field with multiple radial circular orifices
图 18 不同有效动量比和阻塞率下的图像灰度概率密度分布
Figure 18. Image grayscale probability density distribution with different effective impinging momentum ratios and blockage rates
图 19 不同径向孔形状下雾化角及喷雾扩散角变化
Figure 19. Variation of spray angle and spray diffusion angle with different radial orifice shapes
图 20 不同径向孔形状的多喷注单元喷雾场瞬态图像
Figure 20. Spray field transient image of multi-injector element with different radial orifice shapes
图 21 不同径向孔形状的图像灰度概率密度分布
Figure 21. Image grayscale probability density distribution with different radial orifice shapes
图 22 喷注单元的喷雾场瞬态图像（CMReff=2.76）
Figure 22. Spray field transient image of injector element （CMReff=2.76）
图 23 喷注单元图像灰度概率密度分布（CMReff=2.76）
Figure 23. Image grayscale probability density distribution of injector element （CMReff=2.76）
表 1 径向圆孔的结构参数
Table 1. Geometry parameters of radial circular orifices
喷嘴
编号孔数 有效
孔数孔径d/
mm孔心间距l/
mm阻塞率
CBFJ0 9 8 0.80 2.00 0.40 J0-1 11 10 0.72 1.60 0.45 J0-2 13 12 0.65 1.33 0.49 J1 9 8 1.00 2.00 0.50 J1-1 7 6 1.15 2.67 0.43 J1-2 11 10 0.90 1.60 0.56 J1-3 13 12 0.82 1.33 0.615 
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表 2 径向矩形孔的结构参数
Table 2. Geometry parameters of radial rectangular orifices
喷嘴
编号孔数 有效
孔数孔宽a/
mm孔高b/
mm孔心间距l/
mm阻塞率
CBFJ2 9 8 0.90 0.90 2.00 0.45 J2-1 9 8 0.704 1.15 2.00 0.35 J2-2 9 8 1.15 0.704 2.00 0.575
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