Research on the characteristics of sliding valve piezoelectric high-speed on/off valve
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摘要:
针对高速开关阀响应速度慢，且在开、关过程中存在阀芯冲击问题，提出一种压电叠堆驱动的滑阀式高速开关阀，利用压电叠堆作电-机转换器，提高其响应速度，采用滑阀式阀芯，避免了阀芯与阀体的刚性碰撞。建立了高速开关阀的数学模型，分析了影响其性能的关键参数，测试了样机的相关性能。仿真与实验结果表明：该高速开关阀在4 MPa压差下输出流量为3.8 L/min，泄漏量为0.48 L/min，开、关时间分别为0.6、0.65 ms，可以通过提高加工质量以减小泄漏量。相较于传统锥阀式阀芯，滑阀式压电高速开关阀关闭过程中的振动加速度降低32.8%，300 Hz工作频率下噪声从70.5 dB降至64 dB。所提滑阀式压电高速开关阀具有较高的响应速度，大幅减小了阀芯冲击，提高了使用寿命，降低了工作噪声。
Abstract:A spool type high-speed on/off valve (HSV) driven by piezoelectric was designed to improve the response speed and reduce the spool’s impact. The piezoelectric was used to improve its response speed and the spool valve was adopted to avoid the rigid collision between the valve spool and the valve body. The mathematical model of HSV was established, the influences of design parameters on its performance were analyzed, and the performance indexes were studied. The simulation and experimental results indicated that the HSV had a flow rate of 3.8 L/min, a leakage flow rate of 0.48 L/min, an opening time of 0.6 ms and a closing time of 0.65 ms at the pressure of 4 MPa. The leakage flow can be reduced by improving the manufacturing quality. Compared with the traditional conical valve structure, the vibration acceleration of the valve body in the closing process of the spool type HSV driven by piezoelectric actuator was reduced by 32.8%, and the noise was reduced from 70.5 dB to 64 dB at the working frequency of 300 Hz. The proposed spool type HSV driven by piezoelectric had higher response speed, weaker spool’s impact, longer service life and lower noise during working.
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Key words:
- high-speed on/off valve /
- response time /
- spool’s impact /
- piezoelectric stack /
- sliding valve
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图 1 高速开关阀结构示意图
1 调零螺钉；2 端盖；3 防扭垫片；4 壳体； 5 环形压电叠堆一；6 环形压电叠堆二；7 套筒；8 方形压电叠堆；9 输出杆；10 预紧碟簧；11 预紧端盖；12 阀体；13 阀芯；14 复位碟簧；15 复位螺钉。
Figure 1. Structure schematic of HSV
图 3 输出位移与激励电压之间的关系曲线
Figure 3. Curve of the relationship between output displacement and xcitation voltage
图 13 不同遮盖量下的压力-流量特性曲线
Figure 13. Pressure-flow characteristic curves for different amounts of coverage
表 1 压电叠堆材料参数
Table 1. Parameters of the piezoelectric stack material
参数 数值 方形压电叠堆结构尺寸/mm 10×10×36 方形压电叠堆阻断力/N 3600 方形压电叠堆刚度/（N/μm） 100 环形压电叠堆结构尺寸/mm 26×19×18 环形压电叠堆阻断力/N 7200 环形压电叠堆刚度/（N/μm） 400 
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表 2 阀芯动力学模型主要参数
Table 2. Parameters of the dynamics model
参数 数值 预紧碟簧刚度k1/（N/mm） 950 预紧碟簧预紧力Fl1/N 300 复位碟簧刚度k2/（N/mm） 350 复位碟簧预紧力Fl2/N 100 环型压电叠堆质量m1/kg 0.04 套筒质量m2/kg 0.025 方形压电叠堆质量m3/kg 0.015 输出杆质量m4/kg 0.02 阀芯质量m5/kg 0.02 输出杆阻尼系数c1/（N·s/m） 900 阀芯阻尼系数c2/（N·s/m） 1500 套筒阻尼系数c3/（N·s/m） 1200
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表 3 阀口流量模型主要参数
Table 3. Main parameters of the valve port flow model
参数 数值 阀芯直径ds/mm 10 径向间隙dc/mm 0.012 节流边圆角rc/mm 0 遮盖量x0/mm 0.03 相对偏心量ε 1 流量系数Cd 0.56 油液密度ρ/（kg/m3） 870 油液运动黏度μ/（mm2/s） 10
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