Influence of cruise altitude on water contaminant formation in aircraft fuel tank
-
摘要:
为研究巡航高度对燃油箱内水污染物生成的系统性影响，基于传热传质方程建立水污染物生成模型，对不同巡航高度下燃油箱内的溶解水、析出水、冷凝水、游离水等水污染物生成特性进行计算。结果表明：飞行过程中产生的析出水主要在爬升阶段，且巡航高度越高产生的析出水越多，11 km巡航高度产生的析出水较7 km时多出5.5%；冷凝水主要产生在巡航阶段，冷凝水总量随着巡航高度的增加而减少，11 km巡航高度产生的冷凝水较7 km时减少了34.4%；飞行过程中产生的游离水总量随着巡航高度的增加而增加，但增加幅度逐渐减缓，9 km巡航高度产生的游离水较7 km增加了1.88%，11 km巡航高度产生的游离水较9 km增加了0.92%。
Abstract:In order to study the systematic influence of cruise altitude on the generation of water contaminant in the fuel tank, a water contaminant generation model was established based on the heat and mass transfer equation, and the generation characteristics of dissolved water, suspended water, condensed water and free water in the fuel tank at different cruise altitudes were calculated. The results showed that: a majority of suspended water generated during the climbing phase, and the higher cruise altitude indicated the more suspended water, the amount of suspended water produced at 11 km of cruise altitude was 5.5% greater than at 7 km of cruise altitude; a majority of condensed water was produced during the cruise phase, and the total amount of condensed water decreased as cruise altitude rose, at 11 km of cruise altitude, the amount of condensed water produced was 34.4% less than at 7 km of cruise altitude; the total amount of free water generated increased as cruise altitude rose, but the rate gradually slowed down, at 9 km of cruise altitude, free water generation was 1.88% higher than at 7 km, and at 11 km of cruise altitude, it was 0.92% higher than at 9 km.
-
Key words:
- water contaminant /
- cruising altitude /
- aircraft fuel tank /
- heat mass transfer /
- fuel temperature
-
图 4 不同巡航高度下析出水量随时间的变化曲线
Figure 4. Curve of the volume of suspended water versus time under different cruising altitudes
图 6 不同巡航高度下冷凝水量随时间变化曲线
Figure 6. Curve of the volume of condensate water versus time under different cruising altitudes
图 7 气相空间水蒸气分压随时间变化曲线
Figure 7. Curve of water vapor pressure versus time in the ullage
图 8 不同巡航高度下游离水量随时间变化曲线
Figure 8. Curve of the volume of free water versus time under different flight altitudes
表 1 巡航高度参数
Table 1. Flight altitude parameters
巡航高度/
km时间/min 爬升阶段 巡航阶段 下降阶段 7 0～18.4 18.4～155.6 155.6～174 9 0～23.6 23.6～150.4 150.4～174 11 0～29.5 29.5～145.1 145.1～174 13 0～34.1 34.1～139.8 139.8～174 15 0～39.4 39.4～134.6 134.6～174 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] LAWSON C P,LIM K M. The state-of-the-art and the future of water management within fuel tanks[C]//Proceedings of 26th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences. Anchorage,Alaska,USA,International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences,2008: 2087-2097. [2] BAENA S,LAM J K W,LAWSON C. Effects of ice accretion in an aircraft protective mesh strainer of a fuel pump[C]//SAE Technical Paper Series. Warrendale,US: SAE International,2015: 2449-2457. [3] ORESHENKOV A V. Accumulation of water in jet fuels. mathematical modeling of the process[J]. Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils,2004,40(5): 320-325. doi: 10.1023/B:CAFO.0000046266.83408.d7 [4] BAENA S,LAWSON C,LAM J K W. Dimensional analysis to parameterise ice accretion on mesh strainers[C]//SAE Technical Paper Series. Warrendale,US: SAE International,2011: 2795-2806. [5] BRANCH A A I. Report on the accident to Boeing 777-236ER,GYMMM at London Heathrow Airport on 17 January 2008: EW/C2008/01/01[R]. UK: Air Accidents Investigation Branch,2010. [6] THOMPSON A B,LAM J K W. Water Run-off in aircraft fuel tanks[J]. IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics,2012,77(1): 72-85. doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxr077 [7] MENG L. Water management within fuel tanks[M]. Cranfield,UK: Cranfield University,2007. [8] BAENA-ZAMBRANA S,REPETTO S L,LAWSON C P,et al. Behavior of water in jet fuel: a literature review[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2013,60: 35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.12.001 [9] BAENA S,LAWSON D C P,-W LAM D J K. Cold fuel test rig to investigate ice accretion on different pump inlet filter-mesh screens[C]// Proceedings of 28th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences,Brisbane,Australia: International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences,2012: 3679-3689. [10] GREG H,TRACY B,JOHN B,et al. Aviation fuels technical review[M]. San Ramon,US: Chevron Corporation,2006. [11] ORIANI R A,SUNDQUIST B E. Emendations to nucleation theory and the homogeneous nucleation of water from the vapor[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics,1963,38(9): 2082-2089. doi: 10.1063/1.1733936 [12] UGBEH JOHNSON J,CARPENTER M,WILLIAMS C,et al. Complexities associated with nucleation of water and ice from jet fuel in aircraft fuel systems: a critical review[J]. Fuel,2022,310: 122329. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122329 [13] LIANG Z D. Corrosion of aluminum alloy in aircraft fuel tank compartments due to condensed water[J]. Corrosion,1992,48(6): 514-517. doi: 10.5006/1.3315968 [14] WETTERWALD M,LAWSON C,LAM J. Feasibility study of OBIGGS for water contamination control in aircraft fuel tanks[C]// Proceedings of 10th AIAA Aviation Technology,Integration,and Operations (ATIO) Conference,Fort Worth,Texas: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2010: 9209-9220. [15] TERADA Y,LAWSON C P,SHAHNEH A Z. Analytical investigation into the effects of nitrogen enriched air bubbles to improve aircraft fuel system water management[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Part G Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2019,233(3): 861-870. doi: 10.1177/0954410017742422 [16] NAYA S,CAO R,FRANCISCO-FERNÁNDEZ M,et al. Estimating water and solid impurities in jet fuel from ISO codes[J]. Energy and Fuels,2013,27(12): 7858-7867. doi: 10.1021/ef401378z [17] CHEN Teng,XU Xin,HU Jianqiang,et al. Water behavior of current jet fuel versus operating conditions: storage time,temperature,relative humidity and anti-icing agent[J]. Fuel,2022,309: 122088. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122088 [18] IATA Aviation Fuel Working Group. Guidance material on microbiological contamination in aircraft fuel tanks[M]. Montreal,Canada: International Air Transport Association,2009. [19] 张瑞华,刘卫华. 飞机燃油温度仿真及应用[J]. 航空动力学报,2020,35(10): 2089-2096. ZHANG Ruihua,LIU Weihua. Simulation and application of aircraft fuel temperature[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2020,35(10): 2089-2096. (in Chinese ZHANG Ruihua, LIU Weihua . Simulation and application of aircraft fuel temperature[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2020 ,35 (10 ):2089 -2096 . (in Chinese)[20] KREITH F,MANGLIK R M,BOHN M S. Principles of heat transfer[M]. Stanford,US: Cengage Learning,2012. [21] AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee,SAE International (Society). SAE Aerospace Applied Thermodynamics Manual Aerothermodynamic Systems Engineering and Design[M]. Warrendale,Pennsylvania,US: SAE International,2019. [22] TOMLINSON S,BARKER M,VENN D,et al. Mathematical model of water contamination in aircraft fuel tanks[C]//SAE Technical Paper. Warrendale,US: SAE International,2011: 2540-2551. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 29
- HTML浏览量: 20
- PDF量: 2
- 被引次数: 0