Experimental study on influences of cavity parameters on flame response characteristics of afterburner
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摘要:
为研究凹腔参数对航空发动机加力燃烧室内钝体/凹腔耦合火焰响应特性的影响，以模型加力燃烧室为研究对象，对不同凹腔长深比与后壁面倾角下的耦合火焰释热响应特性展开试验研究。试验在常温常压条件下进行，建立了火焰传递函数（FTF），并基于动态火焰图像重点研究了不同凹腔参数下耦合火焰的响应特性与动态特征。试验结果表明：随着长深比的增加以及后壁面倾角的减小，其FTF增益及延迟时间均减小，系统时滞效应减弱。并且在低频扰动下耦合火焰产生向内的卷曲运动特征，较高频时会产生多段火焰面褶皱，出现局部熄火。此外凹腔参数的变化会改变空间中强释热脉动区域的分布，这也是耦合火焰响应特性发生变化的内因。
Abstract:In order to study the influences of cavity parameters on the coupled flame response characteristics of bluff body/cavity in aero-engine afterburner, the model afterburner was taken as the research object, and the coupled flame heat release response characteristics under different cavity length-to-depth ratios and rear wall inclination angles were experimentally studied. The experiment was carried out under normal temperature and pressure conditions, and the flame transfer function (FTF) was established. Based on the dynamic flame image, the response characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the coupled flame under different cavity parameters were studied. The experimental results showed that with the increase of the length-to-depth ratio and the decrease of the rear wall angle, the FTF gain and delay time decreased, and the time delay effect of the system was weakened. In addition, under low frequency disturbance, the coupled flame produced inward curling motion characteristics, and multiple flame surface folds could be generated at higher frequencies, resulting in local flameout. In addition, the change of the cavity parameters may change the distribution of the strong heat release pulsation area in the space, which is also the internal cause of the change of the coupling flame response characteristics.
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图 3 不同激励功率下燃烧室进口速度脉动响应特性
Figure 3. Velocity fluctuation response characteristics of combustion chamber inlet under different excitation power
图 4 声压信号、燃烧室压力与火焰释热率的时域和频域对比图
Figure 4. Time domain and frequency domain comparison of sound pressure signal, combustion chamber pressure and flame heat release rate
图 5 燃烧室内释热率脉动响应情况
Figure 5. Pulsation response of heat release rate in combustion chamber
图 6 无激励下工况Ⅱ时均火焰结构与释热分布
Figure 6. Time-averaged flame structure and heat release distribution under condition Ⅱ without excitation
图 7 不同长深比下的火焰传递函数
Figure 7. Flame transfer function under different length-to-depth ratio
图 8 不同长深比下燃烧室压力脉动幅值变化
Figure 8. Change of pressure fluctuation amplitude in combustion chamber under different length-depth ratios
图 9 不同长深比下的时均CH*火焰图像和释热分布曲线
Figure 9. Time-averaged CH* flame images and heat release distribution curves at different aspect ratios
图 10 不同长深比下的火焰长度和凹腔内释热峰值变化
Figure 10. Changes of flame length and heat release peak in cavity under different length-to-depth ratios
图 11 不同后壁面倾角下的火焰传递函数
Figure 11. Flame transfer function under different rear wall inclination angles
图 12 不同后壁面倾角下燃烧室压力脉动幅值变化
Figure 12. Change of pressure fluctuation amplitude in combustion chamber under different rear wall inclination angles
图 13 不同后壁面倾角下的时均CH*火焰图像和释热分布曲线
Figure 13. Time-averaged CH* flame images and heat release distribution curves at different rear wall inclination angles
图 14 不同后壁面倾角下的火焰长度和凹腔内释热峰值变化
Figure 14. Changes of flame length and heat release peak in cavity under different rear wall inclination angles
图 15 工况Ⅱ下不同激励频率时一个周期内各个相位相平均CH*火焰图像与释热曲线（侧向窗口）
Figure 15. Average CH* flame image and heat release curve of each phase in a cycle at different excitation frequencies under condition Ⅱ （lateral window）
图 16 工况Ⅱ下不同激励频率时一个周期内各个相位相平均CH*火焰图像与释热曲线（上方窗口）
Figure 16. Average CH* flame image and heat release curve of each phase in a cycle at different excitation frequencies under condition Ⅱ （upper window）
图 17 100 Hz激励时不同长深比下前4阶POD分解结果
Figure 17. POD decomposition results of the first four orders under different length-to-depth ratio under 100 Hz excitation
图 18 100 Hz激励时不同后壁面倾角下前4阶POD分解结果
Figure 18. POD decomposition results of the first four orders under different rear wall inclination angles under 100 Hz excitation
表 1 试验工况表
Table 1. Operating parameters of the experiment
工况 长深比/
（L/D）后壁面倾角
α/（°）燃料分配比
（$\dot m_{\mathrm{c}} $/$\dot m_{\mathrm{b}} $）进气速度
u/（m/s）总当量比
φ激励频率
f/Hz激励功率
A/WⅠ 3 45 0.34 10 0.09 50～400
（间隔10）0.52～5.0 Ⅱ 4 45 Ⅲ 5 45 Ⅳ 6 45 Ⅴ 4 30 Ⅵ 4 60 
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