陶瓷基复合材料和金属连接结构研究进展

陈欣然; 申秀丽; 董少静; 王玺辰

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250365

陶瓷基复合材料和金属连接结构研究进展

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20250365

北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院，北京 102206

详细信息

作者简介:
陈欣然（2003-），女，博士生，主要从事航空发动机复合材料研究。E-mail：1084710080@qq.com

通讯作者:
董少静（1986-），女，副研究员，博士，主要从事航空发动机热端部件结构、材料及工艺方面的研究。E-mail：dongshaojing@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V257
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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2026-08-31

Review of ceramic matrix composites and metal junction structures

School of Energy and Power Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 102206，China

摘要

摘要:
系统综述了航空发动机燃烧室与涡轮导向叶片应用场景下陶瓷基复合材料（ceramic matrix composites，CMCs）与金属连接结构的结构设计方法、数值模拟与试验验证、具体应用三个方面。文献分析表明，当前研究主要围绕4类热失配协调策略展开：过渡区域配合、间隙设计、互锁配合与热适配螺栓；广泛采用多尺度建模与渐进损伤分析的仿真方法以及阶梯式试验验证体系；具体设计形式因不同应用场景工况下存在差异。结论认为，未来技术发展应致力于多种设计策略的混合应用，并从部件级的连接点设计转向系统级的热-力-冷却多功能协同设计，以最终实现连接结构长时可靠服役。
- 陶瓷基复合材料 /
- 燃烧室 /
- 涡轮导叶 /
- 螺栓连接 /
- 热变形协调
Abstract:
The ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and metal connection structures in aero-engine combustion chambers and turbine guide vanes were systematically examined, covering structural design, numerical simulation, and experimental validation. Current studies put focus on four thermal mismatch mitigation strategies: transition region coordination, clearance design, interlocking fit, and thermal stress-free fastener. Multi-scale modeling and progressive damage analysis were widely employed in simulations, alongside a stepwise experimental verification framework. Structural configurations varied with specific application scenarios and operational conditions. Future development should combine multiple design strategies and shift from component-level connection design to system-level thermo-mechanical-cooling multifunctional coordinated design, so as to ensure long-term structural reliability under extreme conditions.
- ceramic matrix composites /
- combustion chamber /
- turbine guide vanes /
- bolted connection /
- thermal deformation coordination

HTML

图 1 隔热涂层示意图^[23]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the thermal insulation coating^[23]

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图 2 一种加入套筒的CMCs金属法兰连接^[24]

Figure 2. A metal flange connection of CMCs added to the sleeve^[24]

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图 3 一种加入分体衬套的CMCs螺栓连接方法^[25]

Figure 3. A bolted connection method of CMCs with split bushing^[25]

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图 4 一种加入弹簧元件的CMCs螺栓连接^[26]

Figure 4. A kind of CMCs bolted connection with spring element^[26]

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图 5 使用弹性垫圈的金属和CMCs机械连接结构^[27]

Figure 5. Mechanical connection structure of metal and CMCs using elastomeric washers^[27]

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图 6 不同角度的跑道孔^[29]

Figure 6. Runway holes at different angles^[29]

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图 7 分瓣式螺栓连接^[30]

Figure 7. Split bolt connection^[30]

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图 8 内部开槽开孔的C/C-SiC复合材料螺栓^[31]

Figure 8. C/C-SiC composite bolt with internal slotted holes^[31]

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图 9 CMCs导叶间隙设计^[32]

Figure 9. Design of guide vane clearance of CMCs^[32]

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图 10 使用榫卯配合的导叶连接^[33]

Figure 10. Guide vane connection using mortise and tenon joint^[33]

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图 11 一种CMCs-金属互锁结构^[34]

Figure 11. A CMCs-metal interlocking structure^[34]

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图 12 使用互锁接头的CMCs金属连接^[35]

Figure 12. Metal connection of CMCs using interlocking joints^[35]

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图 13 热适配技术轮廓曲线示意图^[38]

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the contour curve of thermal adaptation technology^[38]

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图 14 无热应力TSF螺栓连接方案^[39]

Figure 14. TSF bolting scheme without thermal stress^[39]

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图 15 螺栓连接热适配方案^[40]

Figure 15. Thermal adaptation scheme for bolted joints^[40]

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图 16 不同因素对连接结构强度的影响^[45]

Figure 16. Influence of different factors on the strength of the connection structure^[45]

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图 17 用于测试螺栓摩擦因数的试验装置^[54]

Figure 17. Experimental setup for testing the coefficient of friction of bolts^[54]

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图 18 CMCs连接结构振动台测试^[54]

Figure 18. Shaker test of CMCs connection structure^[54]

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图 19 TSF方案寿命预测^[39]

Figure 19. Life prediction of TSF scheme^[39]

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图 20 日本IHI公司制备的CMCs导叶弯曲试验^[55]

Figure 20. CMCs guide vane flexure test prepared by IHI in Japan^[55]

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图 21 CMCs涡轮叶片榫头拔出破坏模式^[56]

Figure 21. Failure mode of CMCs turbine blade tenon pull-out^[56]

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图 22 一种CMCs燃烧室结构^[62]

Figure 22. A combustion chamber structure of CMCs^[62]

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图 23 一种含有CMCs衬片的火焰筒结构^[63]

Figure 23. A structure of flame barrel with CMCs lining^[63]

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图 24 CMCs火焰筒与金属内罩连接结构^[64]

Figure 24. Connection structure between CMCs flame barrel and metal inner cover^[64]

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图 25 无需衬套开孔的CMCs衬套连接结构^[65]

Figure 25. Connection structure of CMCs bushings without bushing openings^[65]

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图 26 CMCs火焰筒分体式设计结构^[46]

Figure 26. Split design structure of CMCs flame cylinder^[46]

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图 27 包含连接组件的CMCs火焰筒整体^[54]

Figure 27. Whole flame barrel of CMCs with connecting components^[54]

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图 28 导叶连接结构示意图^[66]

Figure 28. Schematic diagram of guide vane connection structure^[66]

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图 29 C_f/SiC双联涡轮导叶^[67]

Figure 29. C_f/SiC double-turbine guide vane^[67]

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图 30 GE公司设计与制备的金属-CMCs涡轮导向叶片^[68]

Figure 30. Metal-CMCs turbine guide vanes designed and fabricated by GE Company^[68]

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图 31 内部含金属导流管的CMCs涡轮导叶^[69]

Figure 31. CMCs turbine guide vanes with metal deflector inside^[69]

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表 1 CMCs-金属连接结构数值模拟典型案例

Table 1. Typical cases of numerical simulation of CMCs-metal connection structures

研究者	研究对象	关键仿真方法	主要研究结论
赵淑媛等^[41]/ 阙权庆^[45]	C/SiC-GH4169单螺栓单搭接	Tsai-Wu失效准则，刚度折减	高温下预紧力大幅下降；CMC板间隙减小，金属板间隙增加
赵淑媛等^[42]	C/SiC-GH4169双螺栓单搭接	Alvaro准则，Tan退化模型	孔边距存在最优值（约为15 mm），使承载能力最大；板宽变化导致失效模式改变
韩笑^[46]	SiC_f/SiC-GH4169单螺栓	多尺度建模，虚拟材料法	初始预紧力存在最优区间（对应扭矩为 10 N·m），过高会导致CMC初始损伤
Zhao 等^[44]	C/SiC多钉连接	Hashin准则，组合退化模型	Hashin准则与组合退化模型联合使用，与常温拉伸试验结果吻合最佳
Li等^[43]	C/SiC多钉连接	最大应力准则	修正理论模拟能够有效预测不同连接方式（误差小于等于13%）

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