短壳绝热面积对液氢贮箱绝热性能影响

胡正根; 湛利华; 朱文俐

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2020.08.024

短壳绝热面积对液氢贮箱绝热性能影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2020.08.024

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（2017YFB0306300）；装备预先研究项目（305060509）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-28

Effect of short-shell insulated area on thermal insulation performance of liquid hydrogen tank

1.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
2.
Beijing Aerospace Systems Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation,Beijing 100076,China

摘要

摘要: 基于计算流体动力学(CFD)方法研究了典型5 m直径液氢贮箱在短壳未包裹绝热材料、50%面积及100%面积包裹绝热材料3种情况下对贮箱内液氢蒸发特性的影响。数值计算基于流体体积(VOF)模型计算两相流,基于Lee模型计算气液界面传质率,考虑了短壳包裹泡沫表面及未包裹泡沫的暴露表面结霜对漏热的影响,构建的数值模型及界面传质计算具有清晰的气液界面,准确地捕捉到了液氢液面的变化。结果表明:短壳是液氢贮箱漏热的主要因素,对液氢蒸发率影响起重要作用;相对于短壳未绝热,50%绝热使得液氢贮箱气相平均温度从110 K下降到32 K,绝热面积占比增加到100%时,气相平均温度下降到约23 K,绝热改善效果相对降低;比较短壳绝热面积占比从50%增加到100%与从0增加到50%对相对蒸发率影响,前者差异较小,仅降低24%,而后者差异明显,下降了409%。研究结果指导了液氢贮箱绝热结构的优化设计。
- 液氢贮箱 /
- 短壳结构 /
- 绝热性能 /
- 计算流体动力学(CFD) /
- 流体体积(VOF)
Abstract: Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the effect of the magnitude of typical 5 m diameter tank short-shell insulated area (non adiabatic, 50% adiabatic and 100% adiabatic) on the evaporation characteristics of liquid hydrogen tank was studied. The volume of fluid (VOF) model was used to calculate the two-phase flow with the Lee model for calculations of the mass transfer rate in the gas-liquid interface. The heat transfer boundary conditions due to possible frosting on the foam surface and the bare metal surface were considered. The numerical model and the interface mass transfer calculation had clear gas-liquid interface, and helped to accurately capture the change of liquid hydrogen level. The numerical results showed that short-shell was the main factor of heat leakage in liquid hydrogen tank and played an important role in the effect of liquid hydrogen evaporation rate. The average temperature of the gas phase decreased from 110 K in 0 case to 32 K in 50% case, while it only decreased to 23 K when the adiabatic area continued to increase to 100%, and the improvement effect of the adiabatic area was relatively reduced. Compared with the effect of the increase of the adiabatic proportion of short shell from 50% to 100% and from 0 to 50% on the relative evaporation rate, the difference of the former was small, only 24%, while the difference of the latter was obvious, with a decrease of 409%. The research results provide a guide to the optimization design of the thermal insulation structure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
- liquid hydrogen tank /
- short-shell structure /
- thermal insulation performance /
- ,computational fluid dynamics(CFD) /
- volume of fluid(VOF)

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