Vibration test of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine generator
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摘要:
搭建20 kW超临界二氧化碳涡轮发电试验系统,开展涡轮发电机轴系临界转速数值仿真研究,对比分析空心轴与实心轴的前4阶临界转速与振型,并计算涡轮的前4阶模态频率。开展转速与负载对轴系振动特性影响的试验研究,采用频谱图分析转速0~48 000 r/min、负载0~20 kW下涡轮端与自由端壳体加速度振动响应。计算与试验结果表明:文中空心转子的临界转速高于实心转子的临界转速,有涡轮转子的临界转速低于无涡轮转子的临界转速。随着负荷从0 kW增加到15 kW,转子工频振动逐渐减小,但出现幅值较低的倍频振动;在转速区域11 000~40 000 r/min,不同功率下驱动端的振动响应低于自由端的振动响应,在转速48 000 r/min时,不同功率下驱动端的振动响应均高于自由端的振动响应。
Abstract:20 kW supercritical carbon dioxide turbine power generation test system was built.Numerical simulation study for the critical speed of the turbine generator shaft system was carried out.The first 4 order critical speeds of hollow and solid shafts were compared and analyzed.The first 4 order modal frequencies of the turbine were calculated.Some experiments were carried out to research the influence of the speed and load on vibration characteristics.Spectrum graphs were used to analyze the acceleration response of the shell at a speed of 0-48 000 r/min and a load of 0-20 kW.Calculation and test results showed that,the critical speed of hollow rotor was higher than that of the solid rotor,and critical speed of a rotor with a turbine was lower than that of a rotor without a turbine.As load increased from 0 kW to 15 kW,rotor power frequency vibration gradually decreased,but double frequency vibration with lower amplitude appeared.As the speed ran from 11 000 r/min to 40 000 r/min,vibration response of the drive end under different powers was lower than that of the free end.Vibration response of the drive end under different powers was higher at 48 000 r/min than that of the free end.
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表 1 转子与轴承结构参数表
Table 1. Rotor and bearing structure parameter
参数 数值及说明 转子质量/kg 5.056 涡轮质量/kg 0.44 涡轮极转动惯量/ 482.29 涡轮直径转动惯量/ 246.48 转子长度/mm 368.5 轴承跨距/mm 218.25 涡轮材料 GH4169 转子材料 38CrMoAl 涡轮侧轴承型号 SKF⁃VEX35/NS7CE1TL 自由侧轴承型号 SKF⁃VEX30/NS7CE1TL 表 2 传感器参数列表
Table 2. Sensor parameter
参数 数值 压电加速度传感器 灵敏度/(mV/ms2) 0.509 频率范围/kHz 0.5~10 量程/(m/s2) 1 000 工作温度/℃ -40~+120 电感式传感器(转速) 探头直径/mm 8 检测距离/mm 8 表 3 涡轮的模态频率计算值
Table 3. Simulation values of modal frequency of the turbine
阶数 频率/Hz 1 2 777.5 2 2 790.7 3 3 519.4 4 3 860.8 表 4 轴系前4阶临界转速
Table 4. The first four order critical speed of the shafting
阶数 空心轴/Hz(含涡轮) 实心轴/Hz(含涡轮) 空心轴/Hz(无涡轮) 1 884.46 881.82 934.77 2 983.11 981.35 1 819.02 3 2 420.10 2 283.72 2 852.73 4 4 061.70 3 701.16 4 800.76 -
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