Preliminary analysis on the demand of nuclear fusion space thruster
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摘要:
参考一种简化的、解析近似的计算模型,以地球到火星的对接任务和往返任务为例,对核聚变等离子体推进器性能关键参数如推进系统质量、比冲、任务时间、有效载荷份额及比功率等进行分析,得出了任务时间和有效载荷质量份额与聚变堆芯输出功率、推进器结构质量和比冲的依赖关系。在此基础上,结合核聚变地面商业堆的相关进展,对现有的技术做合理适当外推,理论计算表明:飞行任务能够在1~2个月内达到目的星球同时可携带超过10%的有效载荷份额,并提出了未来核聚变空间推进器的初步参数方案和设计构想,总体上能够为未来核聚变空间推进技术的发展提供一定的参考。
Abstract:An analytic approximate calculation model was referenced to conduct a sensitivity analysis of key parameters such as propulsion system mass,specific impulse,mission time,and payload ratio,assuming that the case study was based on the two⁃bum rendezvous and four⁃bum round trip of Earth to Mars missions.The dependence of mission time and payload ratio on fusion power,propulsion system structure mass,and specific impulse was obtained through a detailed analysis.Besides,theoretical calculation showed that the mission can arrive at the destination planet within 1 to 2 months and carry more than 10% payload ratio by combining the related progress of ground commercial fusion reactor and reasonable extrapolation of existing technology; based on that,the preliminary parameters of the future nuclear fusion space propulsion and design scheme was proposed,which can generally provide a certain reference for the development of future nuclear fusion space propulsion technology.
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Key words:
- nuclear fusion /
- space thruster /
- design concept /
- Mars exploration /
- deep⁃space exploration
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表 1 不同核聚变等离子体推进器概念的性能参数
Table 1. Performance parameters of different nuclear fusion plasma thruster concepts
核聚变约束概念 比功率/(kW/kg) 比冲/s 推进系统质量/t 惯性静电约束(IEC) 0.02 3 000 300 气动磁镜(GDM) 133 142 000 1 500 球马克 5.75 20 000 1 033 碰撞束FRC概念 1.5 1.4 106 33 FRC概念 1 103~106 1 100 悬浮偶极子 1 104 1 300 球形托卡马克 8.7 35 435 1 690 惯性约束聚变 71 270 000 757 磁化靶聚变 16.8 70 485 121 脉冲Z箍缩 16.2 19 436 598 表 2 几种参数适中的核聚变空间推进器性能参数组合方案
Table 2. Several moderate combinations scheme of performance parameters for nuclear fusion space thruster
参数 火星对接 火星对接 火星对接 火星往返 假设参数 距离S/m 7.48 1010 7.48 1010 7.48 1010 7.48 1010 聚变输出功率/109 W 1 2 3 2 输入参数 结构质量/t 200 200 200 200 比冲/s 10 000 20 000 20 000 20 000 比功率/(kW/kg) 5 10 15 10 磁喷嘴效率η 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 输出参数 标准速度比c/Vc 0.632 0.818 0.769 0.632 推进剂质量分数 0.645 0.347 0.433 0.645 结构质量分数 0.257 0.232 0.312 0.098 推进剂质量/t 501 299 338 501 初始发射质量/t 778 861 782 778 推进剂流量/(kg/s) 0.166 0.083 0.125 0.083 有效载荷质量/t 76 262 244 76 有效载荷份额 0.098 0.421 0.312 0.098 任务时间/d 34.9 41.6 31.4 69.8 -
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