节流制冷对低温贮箱主流液体控温影响分析

周振君; 刘欣; 刘晨; 孟楠; 陈世奎

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210212

节流制冷对低温贮箱主流液体控温影响分析

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210212

1.
中国航天科技集团有限公司中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京 100076
2.
首都航天机械有限公司,北京 100076

详细信息

作者简介:
周振君（1987-），男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事低温推进剂贮存技术研究。

中图分类号: V511⁺.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-04

Analysis of JT refrigeration influence on temperature control of mainstream liquid in cryogenic storage tank

1.
China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology，China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation，Beijing 100076，China
2.
Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation Limited，Beijing 100076

摘要

摘要:
为研究低温流体节流特性及冷量引入对贮箱主流体控温影响，首先对低温流体节流干度和体积含气率进行了分析，结果表明质量占比较小的气相占据了大部分空间体积，对流动速率及换热产生较大影响；建立了节流制冷性能测试平台，采用液氮工质开展了节流前压力为0.3~0.37 MPa工况下的减压降温试验，节流前后降温达到了11.3~14.2 K；在集成节流阀孔的热力学排气系统（TVS）系统中，通过节流制冷使贮箱流体产生了平均6.5 K的温降，将贮箱压力控制在150~160 kPa范围；冷量的引入使主流区液体温度持续波浪式降低，气液界面热分层处的降温效果更加明显。
- 低温液体 /
- 节流效应 /
- 体积含气率 /
- 降压 /
- 热分层
Abstract:
In order to study the Joule Thomson （JT） characteristics of cryogenic liquid and the influence of the introduction of cooling capacity on the temperature control of the mainstream in tank，the mechanism of the throttling dryness and volume void fraction on the heat transfer of the fluid was analyzed，which showed that the gas with small mass occupied most of the space volume；The test platform of throttling performance was established，and the experiment of refrigeration was carried out with liquid nitrogen as the working medium when the pressure before throttle ranged from 0.3-0.37 MPa，the temperature drop reached 11.3-14.2 K.In the thermodynamic vent system （TVS），the average temperature drop of the fluid involved in throttling was 6.5 K，and the tank pressure was controlled within 150-160 kPa.The introduction of cooling capacity made the temperature of mainstream decrease in a wavy trend，and the cooling effect at the thermal stratification of the gas‑liquid interface was more obvious.
- cryogenic liquid /
- JT effect /
- volume void fraction /
- depressurization /
- thermal stratification
注释:

1) 张雪

HTML

图 1 液氢节流背压与温差等参数关系曲线

Figure 1. Curve of relationship between back pressure of JT and temperature difference of liquid hydrogen

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图 2 不同背压下液氢节流干度增长率曲线

Figure 2. Growth curve of JT dryness under different back pressures of liquid hydrogen

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图 3 不同背压下液氢节流体积含气率增长曲线

Figure 3. Growth curve of JT volume void fraction under different back pressures of liquid hydrogen

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图 4 液氮节流背压与温差等参数关系曲线

Figure 4. Curve of relationship between back pressure of JT and temperature difference of liquid nitrogen

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图 5 不同背压下液氮节流干度增长率曲线

Figure 5. Growth curve of JT dryness under different back pressures of liquid nitrogen

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图 6 不同背压下液氮节流体积含气率增长曲线

Figure 6. Growth curve of volume void fraction under different back pressures of liquid nitrogen

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图 7 液氮节流制冷测试流程

Figure 7. Flowchart of JT refrigeration test with liquid nitrogen

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图 8 液氮节流阀示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of throttle valve with liquid nitrogen

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图 9 压力为0.3 MPa的液氮节流降温曲线

Figure 9. Cooling curve of liquid nitrogen when the pressure is 0.3 MPa before throttle valve

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图 10 压力为0.37 MPa液氮节流降温曲线

Figure 10. Cooling curve of 0.37 MPa before throttle

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图 11 基于节流冷却的TVS控压系统

Figure 11. TVS pressure control system based on JT effect

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图 12 150~160 kPa控压区降温效应

Figure 12. Effect of temperature drop in pressure control zone of 150-160 kPa

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图 13 贮箱内流体降温曲线

Figure 13. Curve of liquid temperature drop in cryogenic tank

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图 14 主流区流体测点降温幅度

Figure 14. Temperature drop of mainstream liquid

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表 1 不同背压节流制冷特性参数增长（节流前0.35 MPa，节流后0.05~0.20 MPa）

Table 1. Influence of different back pressure on the growth of refrigeration parameters in throttling process （0.35 MPa before throttling and 0.05-0.20 MPa after throttling）

介质增长率/%
ρ x $η$

液氢 278.4 136 39
液氮 284.6 168 14

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