Performance analysis and test research of high temperature and high speed hybrid ceramic ball bearings
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摘要:
针对高温高速轴承易发生黏着磨损、保持架断裂等失效特征,搭建了轴承动力学分析模型和试验台架,对轴承进行了优化设计、性能分析及试验验证。研究结果表明:随着转速的增加,内圈接触应力增大,外圈接触应力减小,混合陶瓷球轴承的最大接触应力大于全钢轴承;随着转速的增加,滚动体与保持架的碰撞力、保持架打滑率和旋滚比均增加,保持架稳定性降低,全钢轴承的保持架打滑率和旋滚比均大于混合陶瓷球轴承,滚动体与保持架碰撞力相当;自主搭建了试验台进行试验研究,当供油温度110 ℃,转速为120000 r/min时,混合陶瓷球轴承温度低于全钢轴承,混合陶瓷球轴承振动加速度低于2.0
g ,全钢轴承振动加速度低于4.0g ,通过供、回油温差,可判断混合陶瓷球轴承温升低于全钢轴承;试验验证了混合陶瓷轴承较全钢轴承更适用于高温高速工况。Abstract:In view of the failure characteristics of high temperature and high speed bearings, such as adhesive wear and cage fracture, the bearing dynamic analysis model and bearing testing rig were built. The optimized design, performance analysis and test verification of the bearing were carried out. The research results showed that with the increase of the speed, the contact stress of the inner ring increased, and the contact stress of the outer ring decreased. The maximum contact stress of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing was greater than that of the all-steel bearing; with the increase of the speed, the rolling elements collided with the cage. The force, cage slip rate and spin-to-roll ratio increased, and the cage stability was reduced. The cage slip rate and spin-to-roll ratio of the all-steel bearing were both greater than those of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing, and the collision force of the rolling elements and the cage was equivalent; at the oil supply temperature of 110 °C, the speed was 120000 r/min, the temperature of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing was lower than that of the all-steel bearing, the vibration acceleration of the hybrid ceramic ball bearing was lower than 2.0
g , and the vibration acceleration of the all-steel bearing was lower than 4.0g . It can be judged that the temperature rise of hybrid ceramic ball bearings was lower than that of all-steel bearings through the temperature difference between supply and return oil; the test verified that hybrid ceramic bearings were more suitable for high-temperature and high-speed working conditions than all-steel bearings.-
Key words:
- high temperature /
- high speed /
- hybrid ceramic ball bearings /
- contact stress /
- spin-to-roll
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表 1 8Cr4Mo4V与Si3N4材料对比
Table 1. Characteristics of 8Cr4Mo4V compared with Si3N4
项目 8Cr4Mo4V Si3N4 密度/(g/cm3) 7.9 3.2 热膨胀系数/10−6 (1/K) 10.6 3.2 弹性模量/GPa 210 320 泊松比 0.3 0.26 维式硬度/(kgf/mm2) 700~800 1400~1700 耐热温度/℃ 360 580 磁性 好 不导磁 表 2 轴承材料
Table 2. Bearing material
项目 材料 外圈 8Cr4Mo4V 内圈 13Cr4Mo4Ni4V 滚动体 Si3N4 保持架 40CrNiMoA 表 3 轴承检测结果
Table 3. Bearing measurement result
轴承编号 内径尺寸
偏差/μm
(试验前/后)外径尺寸
偏差/μm
(试验前/后)径向游隙/μm
(试验前/后)全钢轴承1 1.5/1.5 3.5/3.5 27/27 全钢轴承2 2/2 3/3 26/26 混合陶瓷
轴承12.5/2.5 3.5/3.5 27/27 混合陶瓷
轴承21.5/1.5 3/3 27/27 -
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