刷式密封临界承压能力流固耦合数值研究

孙丹; 刘伟; 焦忠泽; 赵欢; 李玉

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210404

刷式密封临界承压能力流固耦合数值研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210404

沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52075346）；辽宁省教育厅基础研究项目（JYT2020047）；辽宁省航发材料摩擦学重点实验室开放基金（LKLAMTF202103）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙丹（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要从事涡轮机械先进密封技术研究

通讯作者:
赵欢（1982-），女，副教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机新材料密封的制备技术及其特性研究。 E-mail：phd_zhaohuan@163.com

中图分类号: V233；TK263.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-12

Numerical study on fluid-structure interaction of critical pressure capacity of brush seal

Key Laboratory of Advanced Measurement and Test Technique for Aviation Propulsion System，Liaoning Province，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China

摘要

摘要:
采用以泄漏因子与有效间隙作为刷式密封临界承压能力的评价指标，基于ALE（arbitrary Lagrange-Euler）流固耦合方法建立刷式密封三维瞬态求解模型，分析三种不同结构的刷式密封模型在不同压差下的刷丝变形，研究临界承压能力对刷丝变形的影响。研究结果表明：随着上下游压差的增加，泄漏因子与有效间隙的值趋于稳定时的压差范围即为刷式密封的临界承压能力。所研究的基本型刷式密封临界承压能力为0.25～0.30 MPa，后挡板保护高度降低0.5 mm的刷式密封和轴向增加5排刷丝的刷式密封临界承压能力相对于基本型增加了16.7%～20.0%，降低后挡板保护高度和增加刷丝轴向排数可以提高刷式密封临界承压能力。随着上下游压差的增加，刷丝轴向最大变形量先增加，在上下游压差达到刷式密封临界承压能力时，刷丝之间间隙被压缩至接近最小，刷丝轴向最大变形量达到稳定。该研究成果为刷式密封的结构设计提供理论依据。
- 刷式密封 /
- 临界承压能力 /
- 泄漏因子 /
- 有效间隙 /
- 流固耦合
Abstract:
Leakage factor and effective clearance were used as the evaluation indexes of the critical pressure capacity of brush seals. A three-dimensional transient solution model of brush seals was established based on the ALE (arbitrary Lagrange-Euler) method. Three brush seal models with different structures were studied, and the brush wire deformation under different pressure differences was analyzed. The influence of critical pressure capacity on wire deformation was obtained. The results showed that with the increase of the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream, the maximum pressure difference between the leakage factor and the effective clearance was prone to be the critical pressure capacity. The critical pressure capacity of the basic brush seal was about 0.25—0.30 MPa. Compared with the basic brush seal, the critical pressure capacity of the brush seal with the rear damper protection height reduced by 0.5 mm, and that of the brush seal with the axial increase of 5 rows of brush wire increased by 16.7% to 20.0%. The critical pressure capacity of the brush seal can be improved by decreasing the rear damper protection height and increasing the number of axial rows of the brush wire. With the increase of the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream, the maximum axial deformation of the brush increased first. When the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream reached the critical pressure capacity of the brush seal, the gap between the brushes was compressed to the minimum, and the maximum axial deformation of the brush reached the maximum. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the structural design of brush seal.
- brush seal /
- critical pressure capacity /
- leakage factor /
- effective clearance /
- fluid-structure interaction

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图 1 刷式密封结构及工作示意图

Figure 1. Brush seal structure and work diagram

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图 2 流固耦合流程图

Figure 2. Flow chart of fluid-structure interaction

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图 3 刷式密封计算模型图

Figure 3. Brush seal calculation model diagram

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图 4 网格划分示意图

Figure 4. Meshing diagram

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图 5 边界条件

Figure 5. Boundary conditions

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图 6 刷式密封实验装置实物图

Figure 6. Diagram of brush seals test device

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图 7 刷式密封实验件

Figure 7. Test piece of brush seals

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图 8 泄漏特性测试原理图

Figure 8. Diagram of leakage characteristic test schematic

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图 9 计算值与实验值对比图

Figure 9. Comparison diagram of calculated values and test values

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图 10 三种不同结构刷式密封压力分布

Figure 10. Pressure distribution of brush seal with three different structures

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图 11 三种不同结构刷式密封速度分布

Figure 11. Speed distribution of brush seal with three different structures

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图 12 泄漏因子随上下游压差的变化

Figure 12. Variation of leakage factor with pressure difference between the upstream and downstream

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图 13 有效间隙随上下游压差的变化

Figure 13. Variation of effective clearance with pressure difference between the upstream and downstream

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图 14 三种刷式密封刷丝轴向变形图

Figure 14. Axial deformation diagram of three kinds of brush seal wire

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图 15 三种刷式密封刷丝轴向最大变形量

Figure 15. Maximum axial deformation of three kinds of brush seals

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表 1 刷式密封主要结构参数

Table 1. Main structural parameters of brush seal

刷式密封主要结构参数	数值
刷丝直径/mm	0.08
刷丝之间间隙/mm	0.008
刷丝束厚度/mm	1.80
后挡板保护高度/mm	3.00
刷丝与转子表面间间隙/mm	0
末排刷丝与后挡板间轴向间隙/mm	0

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表 2 主要工况参数

Table 2. Main operating parameters

参数	数值
入口总压/MPa	0.15～0.60
出口静压/MPa	0.10
刷丝之间摩擦因数	0.3
刷丝与挡板间摩擦因数	0.3

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