发动机支点柔性圆周炭石墨密封材料<i>PV</i>值试验

宋延礼; 刘平; 鄢鹏; 夏尚能; 刘力; 沈欣

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210406

发动机支点柔性圆周炭石墨密封材料PV值试验

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210406

宋延礼^1,,
刘平^2,*, ,,
鄢鹏¹,
夏尚能¹,
刘力¹,
沈欣¹

1.
自贡东新电碳有限责任公司四川省特种炭石墨材料工程技术研究中心，四川自贡 643000
2.
湖南大学材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410082

详细信息

作者简介:
宋延礼（1969-），男，工程师，主要从事航空炭石墨密封材料研究

通讯作者:
刘平（1992-），男，博士生，主要从事航空炭石墨密封材料研究。E-mail：LP996781020@163.com

中图分类号: V263.1⁺4
计量
- 文章访问数: 243
- HTML浏览量: 95
- PDF量: 193
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-26

Experiment on PV value of fulcrum flexible circumferential carbon graphite sealing material for engine

SONG Yanli^1
,,
LIU Ping^{2,*
, ,},
YAN Peng¹,
XIA Shangneng¹,
LIU Li¹,
SHEN Xin¹

1.
Sichuan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Carbon-Graphite Materials，Zigong Dong Xin Carbon Company，Limited，Zigong Sichuan 643000，China
2.
College of Materials Science and Engineering，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China

摘要

摘要:
根据高空长航时航空发动机支点柔性圆周炭石墨密封材料的实际服役工况，从高摩擦线速度（60～130 m/s）、轻载（30～400 kPa）和温度（25～600 ℃）的角度出发，自主设计动态试验测试台，评测国内部分现役机型用炭石墨密封材料的PV值，并通过装机论证PV值试验的可行性。试验结果表明：采用80 m/s恒速，逐级增加载荷测得XX1#-1、XX2#-1、XX3#-1、XX4#-1和XX5#-1的许用[PV]值分别为4.8、5.9、6.9、9.1、12.3 MPa·m/s。采用300 kPa定载，逐级增加线速度测得XX2#-2、XX3#-2、XX4#-2和XX5#-2的许用[PV]值分别为6.0、8.0、10.0、12.0 MPa·m/s。经某研究所装机论证发现当试验样的许用[PV]值小于发动机的许用[PV]值时，易出现异常磨损，并伴随燃气泄漏；当试验样的许用[PV]值大于发动机的许用[PV]值时，能为发动机支点炭石墨密封材料选型提供材料特性数据，为发动机炭石墨密封材料的研究提供鉴别方法。此外，该试验方法将大大节约发动机用石墨封严材料选型的时间成本、人力成本和上机论证经费的投入成本。
- 航空发动机 /
- 高空长航时 /
- 炭石墨密封材料 /
- PV值 /
- 许用[PV]值
Abstract:
In order to evaluate the PV value of the carbon graphite sealing material used in the aero-engines of some current models at home, the dynamic test bench was independently designed according to the actual service conditions of the fulcrum flexible circumferential carbon graphite sealing material for engine at high altitude-long endurance, under the condition of high friction linear velocity (60 − 130 m/s), light load (30 − 400 kPa) and temperature (25 − 600 ℃). The test results showed that the allowable [PV] values of XX1#-1, XX2#-1, XX3#-1, XX4#-1 and XX5#-1, using a constant speed of 80 m/s and gradually increasing the load, were 4.8, 5.9, 6.9, 9.1, 12.3 MPa·m/s, respectively. The allowable [PV] values of XX2#-2, XX3#-2, XX4#-2 and XX5#-2, using a permanent load of 300 kPa and increasing the linear velocity step by step, were 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 MPa·m/s, respectively. The installation demonstration of an institute found that the test samples were prone to abnormal wear and gas leakage, when the allowable [PV] value of the test sample was less than the allowable [PV] value of the engine. When the allowable [PV] value of the test sample was greater than the allowable [PV] value of the engine, this method can not only provide material characteristic data for selection of the engine fulcrum carbon graphite sealing material, but also contribute to the research of the engine carbon graphite sealing material identification method. In addition, the time cost, labor cost and installation demonstration cost of graphite sealing material selection for engine will be also greatly reduced through this test method.
- aeroengines /
- high altitude-long endurance /
- carbon graphite sealing material /
- PV value /
- allowable [PV] value

HTML

图 1 PV值测试样品尺寸规格（单位：mm）

Figure 1. PV value test sample size specifications （unit: mm）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 PV值试验台部分结构示意图

1，4 40CrNiMoA镀铬光滑摩擦环；2 40Cr2MoV镀铬螺旋摩擦环；3 50 Mn镀铬螺旋摩擦环。

Figure 2. Partial structure diagram of PV value test bench

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 PV值摩擦磨损试验台

1 摩擦环机柄；2 摩擦环；3 试样压力器；4 控温试样卡具盒；5 轴承座；6 转矩传感器；7 联轴器；8 调速电动机；9 转速传感器；10 工作台锁紧螺栓；11 试验架；12 大底板；13 防护罩及控制系统。

Figure 3. PV value friction and wear test bench

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 炭石墨密封材料恒速时的PV值与温度和磨损量的特征曲线

Figure 4. Characteristic curves of PV value, temperature and wear amount of carbon graphite sealing material at constant velocity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 炭石墨密封材料恒载时的 PV 值与温度和磨损量的特征曲线

Figure 5. Characteristic curves of PV value, temperature and wear amount of carbon graphite sealing material at permanent load

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 炭石墨密封材料的性能参数

Table 1. Properties parameters of carbon graphite sealing material

性能参数	XX1#	XX2#	XX3#	XX4#	XX5#	XX6#
抗折强度/MPa	77	83	62	72	67	85
抗压强度/MPa	176	167	120	156	143	196
体积密度/（g/cm³）	1.98	1.93	1.93	1.95	1.90	2.0
肖氏硬度/HS	86	83	63	83	89	85
开气孔率/%	3.0	1.4	2.1	1.2	1.7	0.7
热氧化失重/（mg/（cm³·h））（500 ℃×2 h）	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.4

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 对摩副材料的性能参数

Table 2. Performance parameters of anti-rubber pair materials

编号	材料名称	表面粗糙度/μm	径向跳动/mm	直径/mm	螺距/mm	槽宽/mm	螺旋升角/（°）
1	40CrNiMoA镀铬	0.2～0.4	0.04	450
2	40Cr2MoV镀铬	0.4～0.8	0.03	450	10.0	3	6
3	50Mn镀铬	0.4～0.8	0.04	450	12.5	3	6
4	40CrNiMoA镀铬	0.2～0.4	0.03	450

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 炭石墨密封材料恒速时的PV值试验及验证结果汇总

Table 3. Summary of PV value test and results verification of carbon graphite sealing material at constant velocity

试样编号	极限PV值/ （MPa·m/s）	极限点磨损值/ （mm/h）	样件温度/ ℃	许用[PV]值/ （MPa·m/s）	发动机设计要求许用[PV]值/（MPa·m/s）	验证结果
XX1#-1	7.2	0.1375	89	4.8	≥ 11.0	发动机应用异常
XX2#-1	8.8	0.0155	55	5.9	≥ 4.0	发动机应用正常
XX3#-1	10.4	0.0060	52	6.9	≥ 6.0	发动机应用正常
XX4#-1	13.6	0.0058	75	9.1	≥ 8.0	发动机应用正常
XX5#-1	18.4	0.0033	61	12.3	≥ 11.0	发动机应用正常
XX6#-1	≥ 32.8			≥ 21.8		待验证

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 炭石墨密封材料恒载时的PV值试验及验证结果汇总

Table 4. Summary of PV value test and results verification of carbon graphite sealing materials at permanent load

试样编号	极限PV值/ （MPa·m/s）	极限点磨损值/ （μm/km）	样件温度/ ℃	许用[PV]值/ （MPa·m/s）	发动机设计要求许用[PV]值/ （MPa·m/s）	验证结果
XX2#-2	9.0	0.056	70	6.0	≥ 11.0	发动机应用异常
XX3#-2	12.0	0.157	87	8.0	≥ 6.0	发动机应用正常
XX4#-2	15.0	0.009	86	10.0	≥ 8.0	发动机应用正常
XX5#-2	18.0	0.006	77	12.0	≥ 11.0	发动机应用正常
XX6#-2	≥ 27.0			≥ 18.0		待验证

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(22)

[1]	黄湘龙,刘李,郭陵松. 主减速器石墨封严碗密封失效分析[J]. 工业技术创新,2019,6(2): 28-31. HUANG Xianglong,LIU Li,GUO Lingsong. Analysis on the failure of the graphite sealing bowl in the main reducer[J]. Industrial Technology Innovation,2019,6(2): 28-31. (in Chinese
[2]	陈磊. 航空发动机刷式密封泄漏性能与结构优化研究[D].南京: 东南大学, 2019. CHEN Lei. Studies onleakage characteristics and structure optimization of aeroengine brush seal[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[3]	《中国石油和化工》编辑部. 高性能石墨封严材料自主生产[J]. 中国石油和化工,2019,338(4): 72. China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Editorial Department. Independent production of high-performance graphite sealing materials[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Industry,2019,338(4): 72. (in Chinese
[4]	王利恒. 石墨圆周密封装置密封面接触应力特性研究[J]. 机械工程师,2019(11): 123-129. WANG Liheng. Study on contact stress of circumference graphite seal instrument[J]. Mechanical Engineer,2019(11): 123-129. (in Chinese
[5]	孙健伟. 高温高速旋转轴接触式密封材料研制及其密封性能研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2014. SUN Jianwei. Research on contact sealing material and performance for high speed and high temperature rotary shaft[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
[6]	TU Chuanjun,HONG Lirui,SONG Tenghui,et al. Superior mechanical properties of sulfonated graphene reinforced carbon-graphite composites[J]. Carbon,2019,148: 378-386. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.001
[7]	HE Zhao,LIU Zhanjun,SONG Jinliang,et al. Fine-grained graphite with super molten salt barrier property produced from filler of natural graphite flake by a liquid-phase mixing process[J]. Carbon,2019,145: 367-377. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.029
[8]	SHEN Ke,CAO Xinlei,HUANG Zhenghong,et al. Microstructure and thermal expansion behavior of natural microcrystalline graphite[J]. Carbon,2021,177: 90-96. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.055
[9]	徐凯松. 石墨密封应用发展现状的进展研究[J]. 炭素,2019(4): 44-46. XU Kaisong. Research on development of graphite seal[J]. Carbon,2019(4): 44-46. (in Chinese
[10]	闫玉涛,李雪娟,胡广阳. 石墨密封材料高温摩擦磨损行为及预测[J]. 航空动力学报,2014,29(2): 314-320. YAN Yutao,LI Xuejuan,HU Guangyang. Friction/wear behaviors and predication of graphite seal material under high temperature[J]. Journal of Aerospace Powe,2014,29(2): 314-320. (in Chinese
[11]	邓少刚,郭丽潇,梁宇. 载荷对HTR-PM高温气冷堆用石墨球摩损性能的影响[J]. 辐射防护,2019,39(6): 510-516. DENG Shaogang,GUO Lixiao,LIANG Yu. Effect of loads on wear performance of graphite pebbles used in HTR-PM high temperature gas cooled reactor[J]. Radiation Protection,2019,39(6): 510-516. (in Chinese
[12]	马华农. MPV-1500型摩擦试验机在测量含油轴承摩擦系数和PV值中的应用[J]. 粉末冶金技术,1990,8(3): 161-164. MA Huanong. Application of type MPV-1500 friction testeing machine for measuring friction coefficient and PV value of oil-impregnated bearing[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology,1990,8(3): 161-164. (in Chinese
[13]	马华农. 粉末冶金含油轴承PV值及其测定[J]. 粉末冶金技术,1989,7(2): 101-107. MA Huanong. Determining method of PV value of P/M self-lubrication bearing[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology,1989,7(2): 101-107. (in Chinese
[14]	沈锡华. 机械密封端面摩擦副的许用值[J]. 化工设备与管道,1977(2): 3-7. SHEN Xihua. Permissible value of the friction pair on the end face of the mechanical seal[J]. Process Equipment and Piping,1977(2): 3-7. (in Chinese
[15]	程熊. 高PV值的气体润滑轴向滑动环密封[J]. 工程设计,1995(1): 38-44. CHEN Xiong. Gas-lubricated axial sliding ring seal with high PV value[J]. Konstruktion,1995(1): 38-44. (in Chinese
[16]	张鹤,邢庆坤,张静. 高PV值密封环的热负荷建模分析与试验验证[J]. 润滑与密封,2016,41(4): 115-118. ZHANG He,XING Qingkun,ZHANG Jing. Modeling and experimental study on thermal load estimation for seal under high PV value[J]. Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(4): 115-118. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2016.04.024
[17]	左孝桐. 机械密封PV值的试验研究[J]. 流体机械,1986(11): 37-38. ZUO Xiaotong. Experimental research on PV value of mechanical seal[J]. Fluid Machinery,1986(11): 37-38. (in Chinese
[18]	王菁. 方向性椭圆微孔密封表面PV值特性实验研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2013. WANG Jing. Experimental study on behavior of PV value of micro-inclined-ellipse-dimpled surface on mechanical seal[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2013. (in Chinese)
[19]	薛雯. 高强石墨的高温摩擦磨损机理试验研究 [D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2018. XUE Wen. Friction and wear mechanism test research of high-strength graphite in high temperature[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
[20]	胡添琪. 高温下石墨密封材料摩擦磨损性能研究及预测[D].沈阳: 东北大学,2012. HU Tianqi. Friction and wear performance research and forecast of graphite sealing materials in high temperature[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[21]	刘清平,徐笑词,何友成. 薄膜涂层摩擦学性能的灰色分析与预测[J]. 润滑与密封,2003(4): 53-58. LIU Qingping,XU Xiaoci,HE Youcheng. The grey forecast on the tribological behaviors of the film[J]. Lubrication Engineering,2003(4): 53-58. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2003.04.021
[22]	胡亚非,王启立,刘颀,等. 石墨密封材料润滑膜形成规律及摩擦磨损研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(2): 223-226. HU Yafei,WANG Qili,LIU Qi,et al. Research on forming rule of lubricant film and friction-wearing of graphite composite materials[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2010,39(2): 223-226. (in Chinese