Numerical simulation of ground vortex flow field of large transport aircraft
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摘要:
针对地面涡现象，建立了大型运输机装配涡扇发动机的三维模型，采用数值仿真方法模拟计算不同风速、风向、滑行速度条件下的地面涡流场。根据计算结果分析得到了地面涡流场分布特征及变化规律，提出了该型机运营过程中的注意事项。结果表明：针对该型机，地面涡进气主要造成进气旋流畸变，进气总压畸变水平较低，畸变指数保持在1.1%～1.7%之间。逆风风速大于5 m/s时地面涡消失，其强度随风速增加先增后减；随着风向变化，地面涡流场的涡系结构不断变化，处于下风侧的短舱更容易产生地面涡；滑行条件下地面涡强度变化较小，滑行速度达到3 m/s时已无涡吸入。实际使用中，地面静止开车时应着重观察旋流畸变较大的1号、4号发动机的工作状态；滑行时应着重观察地面涡吸入能力较强的2号、3号发动机的外物吸入情况。
Abstract:A three-dimensional model of a large transport aircraft equipped with turbofan engine was established to study the ground vortex. Numerical simulation method was used to simulate the ground vortex flow field under different wind speeds, directions and taxiing speeds. According to the results, the distribution characteristics and variation rules of the ground vortex flow field were obtained, and the matters needing attention in the aircraft operation were put forward. The results showed that, for this type of aircraft, the ground vortex mainly caused the inlet swirl flow distortion, the total inlet pressure distortion was low, and the distortion index was kept between 1.1%−1.7%. When the upwind speed was greater than 5 m/s, the ground vortex disappeared, and its intensity first increased and then decreased with the increase of wind speed. With the change of wind direction, the ground vortex structure changed constantly, and the nacelle on the downwind side was more likely to produce ground vortex. Under the taxiing condition, the intensity of ground vortex changed little, and there was no vortex suction when the taxiing speed reached 3 m/s. In practice, the working state of No.1 and No.4 engines with large swirl distortion should be observed when the engine was running on the ground. During taxiing, focus should be put on observing the foreign object damage of No.2 and No.3 engines with strong ground vortex suction capacity.
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图 5 数值模拟与试验测量的地面涡Γ对比
Figure 5. Comparison of Γ of ground vortex between numerical simulation and experimental measurement
图 11 周向总压畸变指数随逆风风速的变化
Figure 11. Circumferential total pressure distortion vs. headwind speeds
图 16 周向总压畸变指数随风向的变化
Figure 16. Circumferential total pressure distortion vs. wind directions
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