Automatic shape evaluation method of aeroengine blade inlet and exhaust edges
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摘要:
针对目前对航空发动机叶片进排气边缘形状的评价主要依赖人工目测，主观性强、效率低等问题。提出一种叶片进排气边缘形状自动评价方法，通过非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）曲线拟合、最小二乘椭圆拟合、等半径法等算法拟合叶型并提取相关型面参数，针对5类叶片进排气边缘不合格形状给出了定性的定义，根据叶片进排气边缘在不同形状时的曲率特征以及偏差值变化特征对其形状做出评价。通过实例验证表明：该方法能够实现对尖头、钝头、歪头、缩颈及大小大/小大小（LSL/SLS）5类叶片进排气边缘形状的自动判读，对于不同叶片型号和验收标准的应用场景具有较好的通用性，有效提高了叶片进排气边缘形状评价的效率。
Abstract:At present, the evaluation of blade inlet and exhaust edge shape mainly relies on manual visual inspection, which has the problems of strong subjectivity and low detection efficiency. An automatic evaluation method of blade inlet and exhaust edge shape was proposed. The blade profile was fitted and the relevant profile parameters were extracted by non-uniform rational B-splines （NURBS） curve fitting, least square elliptic fitting and equal radius method. A qualitative definition was given for the unqualified shapes of five types of blade inlet and exhaust edge. The shape of the blade was evaluated according to the curvature characteristics of the blade inlet and exhaust edges in different shapes and the variation characteristics of deviation values. Experiments showed that the proposed method can realize the automatic evaluation of five edge shapes: cusp, blunt, inclined, necking and large small large/small large small （LSL/SLS）. The method has strong versatility for different blade types and acceptance standards, thereby improving the efficiency of the shape evaluation of blade inlet and exhaust edges.
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图 1 叶片前/后缘的5种不合格工艺形状
Figure 1. Five nonconforming process shapes at the front/back edge of the blade
图 6 叶型前/后缘点计算结果
Figure 6. Calculation results of the front/trailing edge points of blade profile
图 12 航空发动机叶片进排气边缘评价软件界面
Figure 12. Aeroengine blade inlet and exhaust edge evaluation software interface
表 1 尖头叶缘评价结果
Table 1. Evaluation results of cusp edges
特征值及评价结果 叶缘1 叶缘2 叶缘3 阈值 ${\,\rho （V'） }/{ {\rho （V） } }$ 0.62 0.67 0.66 0.7 本文方法评价结果 尖头 尖头 尖头 
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表 2 钝头叶缘评价结果
Table 2. Evaluation results of blunt edges
特征值及评价结果 叶缘1 叶缘2 叶缘3 阈值 ${\,\rho （V'） }/{ {\rho （V）} }$ 2.03 2.08 1.95 1.8 $（{d_{ {\text{blunt} } } }/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ 362.86 346.91 331.86 300.0 本文方法评价结果 钝头 钝头 钝头
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表 3 歪头叶缘评价结果
Table 3. Evaluation results of inclined edges
特征值及评价结果 叶缘1 叶缘1 叶缘1 阈值 $（{d_{\text{v} } } /{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ 47.77 55.32 46.37 40.0 $[ （{e_A} + |{e_B}|） /{ {T} }]/\text{%}$ 54.53 61.64 59.01 50.0 本文方法评价结果 歪头 歪头 歪头
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表 4 缩颈叶缘评价结果
Table 4. Evaluation results of necking edges
特征值及评价结果 叶缘1 叶缘2 叶缘3 阈值 ${[ （{e_A} + |{e_B}|） _{ {\text{cc} } } }/{ {T} }]/\text{%}$ 56.51 61.18 58.82 50.0 ${[ （{e_A} + |{e_B}|） _{ {\text{cv} } } }/{ {T} }]/\text{%}$ 58.60 61.29 57.46 50.0 本文方法评价结果 缩颈 缩颈 缩颈
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表 5 大小大/小大小叶缘评价结果
Table 5. Evaluation results of LSL/SLS edges
特征值及评价结果 叶缘1 叶缘2 叶缘3 阈值 $（|{e_A}|/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ 50.83 |−31.59| 41.21 30.0 $（|{e_B}|/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ |−35.55| 37.53 |−41.56| 30.0 $（|{e_C}|/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ 47.82 |−46.28| 48.29 30.0 本文方法评价结果 大小大 小大小 大小大 注：表中的正值代表正偏差，负值代表负偏差。
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表 6 合格叶缘评价结果
Table 6. Evaluation results of qualified edges
特征值及评价结果 叶缘1 叶缘2 叶缘3 ${\,\rho （V'） }/{ {\rho （V）} }$ 1.09 1.14 1.29 $（{d_{ {\text{blunt} } } }/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ $（{d_{\text{v} } } /{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ 0.29 9.28 6.07 ${[ （{e_A} + |{e_B}|） _{ {\text{cc} } } }/{ {T} }]/\text{%}$ ${[ （{e_A} + |{e_B}|） _{ {\text{cv} } } }/{ {T} }]/\text{%}$ 28.16 $（|{e_A}|/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ 10.85 23.72 |−13.32| $（|{e_B}|/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ |−8.83| |−6.28| 8.64 $（|{e_C}|/{ {T} }） /\text{%}$ 12.87 14.21 |−20.23| 本文方法评价结果 合格 合格 合格 注：各项特征值的单位和阈值同表1～表5。
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