Phase transition characteristics of ice crystal particles in motion
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摘要:
针对冰晶在温暖环境下运动时固液汽耦合的相变现象，基于欧拉法建立了冰晶粒子的运动相变模型和计算方法。计算了冰晶粒子在强迫对流环境下的融化相变过程，与实验结果对比验证了运动相变模型和计算方法的准确性。针对NACA0012翼型计算了冰晶绕流运动时的热力学特性，得到了冰晶粒子到达撞击表面时的融化状态与收集系数。研究了冰晶粒径大小、初始球形度、气流相对湿度和温度对运动相变的影响。结果表明：冰晶粒子运动相变模型可以有效地评估冰晶结冰风险，冰晶粒子的融化速率主要取决于粒子直径、球形度、气流温度、湿度等因素，环境温度为288 K时冰晶粒子的融化时间为27.5 s，而相同条件下环境温度为302 K时的融化时间仅有5.2 s。
Abstract:In view of the phase transition phenomenon of solid⁃liquid⁃vapor coupling when ice crystals moved in a warm environment，the phase transition model and calculation method of ice crystals were established based on Eulerian method.The melting phase transition processes of ice crystals under forced convection were calculated，and the comparison with the experimental results verified the accuracy of the movement phase transition model and calculation method.The thermodynamic characteristics of ice crystals moving around the NACA0012 airfoil were calculated，and the motion characteristics of ice crystals in a warm environment and the melting ratio were analyzed when they reached the impact surface.The influences of initial particle size，initial particle sphericity，air relative humidity and temperature on the movement phase transition were studied.The results showed that the ice crystal particle movement phase transition model can effectively evaluate the ice crystal icing risk，and the melting rate of ice crystal particles mainly counted on the particle diameter，sphericity，airflow temperature and humidity.When the air temperature was 288 K，the melting time of ice crystal particles was 27.5 s，while the melting time was only 5.2 s when the air temperature was 302 K under the same conditions.
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Key words:
- ice crystal icing /
- two⁃phase flow /
- melting /
- phase transition /
- Eulerian method
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图 1 非球形冰晶粒子融化过程中形状的演变
Figure 1. Shape evolution of non⁃spherical ice particle during melting process
图 4 融化时间计算值和实验值的对比
Figure 4. Comparison between computation and experiment values of melting time
图 5 完全融化后粒径计算值与实验值的对比
Figure 5. Comparison between computation and experiment values of particle size after complete melting
图 7 固态冰和液态水的体积分数随时间的变化
Figure 7. Variation of volume fraction of solid ice and liquid water with time
图 9 不同底层网格厚度时表面压力结果对比
Figure 9. Comparison of pressure results with different bottom mesh thickness
图 14 机翼前缘冰晶融化率
Figure 14. Melting rate of ice crystals at the leading edge of the wing
图 15 融化时间与初始粒径大小的关系
Figure 15. Relationship between melting time and initial particle size
图 16 蒸发占比与初始粒径大小的关系
Figure 16. Relationship between evaporation ratio and initial particle size
图 17 融化时间与粒子球形度的关系
Figure 17. Relationship between melting time and particle sphericity
图 18 蒸发占比与粒子球形度的关系
Figure 18. Relationship between evaporation ratio and particle sphericity
图 19 融化时间与气流相对湿度的关系
Figure 19. Relationship between melting time and air relative humidity
图 20 蒸发占比与气流相对湿度的关系
Figure 20. Relationship between evaporation ratio and air relative humidity
图 22 蒸发占比与气流温度关系
Figure 22. Relationship between evaporation ratio and air temperature
表 1 Hauk实验条件
Table 1. Hauk's experimental conditions
算例 气流速度/（m/s） 气流温度/K 相对湿度/% 环境压力/Pa 初始温度/K 粒子球形度 粒径/μm 1 1 293.2 4 94 900 256.4 1 715 2 1 293.2 4 94 900 256.4 1 994 3 1 292.8 4 95 870 255.5 0.7 551 4 1 293.1 4 94 900 257 0.84 1 071 5 1.25 293.2 4 97 200 257 1 915 6 0.75 288.2 64 95 100 256.4 1 775 7 0.75 288.2 64 95 100 256.9 1 591 8 0.75 288.3 61 95 300 256 0.49 690 9 1 293.2 75 94 900 256.2 1 1 013 10 1 293.2 75 94 900 256.5 1 978 11 1 293.2 78 95 600 257.9 0.78 1 013 
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