刷式密封刷丝摩擦磨损特性实验研究

赵欢; 冯毓钟; 孙丹; 张国臣; 李玉; 李浩

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210490

刷式密封刷丝摩擦磨损特性实验研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210490

沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52075346）；辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”资助项目（XLYC2007077）；辽宁省教育厅基础研究项目（JYT2020047）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵欢（1982-），女，教授，博士，主要研究航空发动机新材料密封的制备技术及其特性研究

通讯作者:
孙丹（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要从事透平机械先进密封技术研究。E-mail：phd_sundan@163.com

中图分类号: V233；TK263.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-29

Experimental investigation on friction and wear characteristics of brush seal bristle

Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Measurement and Test Technology forAviation Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China

摘要

摘要:
建立了基于柱面圆周摩擦的直接测力法与间接转矩法两种刷式密封摩擦因数实验识别模型，设计搭建了刷式密封摩擦磨损特性实验装置，设计加工了8种不同结构参数的刷式密封实验件，实验对比分析了两种摩擦因数识别模型的实验结果，研究了结构参数对刷丝与转子表面正压力影响、工况参数对刷丝摩擦因数影响、干涉量对刷丝磨损影响。结果表明：直接测力法与间接转矩法测得的刷丝摩擦因数彼此相差较小，直接测力法稳定性优于间接转矩法。刷式密封刷丝与转子表面静态和动态正压力均随后挡板保护高度的增加而增大，随刷丝径向长度的增加而减小，随刷丝束厚度的增加而增大；相同干涉量下，静态正压力大于动态正压力；刷式密封刷丝与转子表面正压力在干涉加载阶段大于干涉卸载阶段，在转速升高阶段大于转速降低阶段，刷丝表现出滞后效应。刷式密封刷丝摩擦因数随刷丝与转子间干涉量的增加而降低，随转子转速的增加而降低；随摩擦时长增加，摩擦因数在磨损初期先迅速降低，之后基本保持稳定。刷式密封刷丝磨损量随刷丝与转子间干涉量的增加而增大，刷丝与转子间干涉量由0.3 mm增加至0.4 mm时，刷丝磨损量增大了296.66%。
- 刷式密封 /
- 正压力 /
- 摩擦因数 /
- 磨损量 /
- 磨损形貌
Abstract:
Two brush seal friction coefficient experimental identification models were established based on cylindrical circumferential friction, direct force measurement and indirect torque method, an experimental device for friction and wear characteristics of brush seals was designed and built, and eight brush seal test pieces with different structural parameters were designed and processed. The experimental results of two kinds of friction coefficient identification models were compared and analyzed, and the influence of structural parameters on the positive pressure of the brush bristle and rotor surface, the influence of working conditions on the friction coefficient of the brush bristle, and the influence of interference on the wear of the brush bristle were studied. The research results showed that the friction coefficients of brush bristle measured by the direct force measurement method and the indirect torque method were less different from each other, and the stability of the direct force measurement method was better than that of the indirect torque method. Both the static and dynamic positive pressures on the surface of the brush seal and the rotor increased with the increase of the protection height of the baffle, decreased with the increase of the radial length of the brush, and increased with the increase of the thickness of the brush pack; at the same interference under the condition of measurement, the static positive pressure was greater than the dynamic positive pressure; the positive pressure of the brush seal filament and the rotor surface was greater in the interference loading phase than in the interference unloading phase, and the speed increase phase was greater than the speed reduction phase, the brush filament exhibited a hysteresis effect. The friction coefficient of the brush seal bristle decreased with the increase of the interference between the brush bristle and the rotor, and also decreased with the increase of the rotor speed; with the increase of the friction time, the friction coefficient decreased rapidly at the initial stage of wear, and then kept basically stable. The wear amount of the brush bristle of the brush seal increased with the increase of the interference between the brush bristle and the rotor. When the interference between the brush bristle and the rotor increased from 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm, the wear amount of the brush bristle increased by 296.66%.
- brush seal /
- positive pressure /
- friction coefficient /
- wear extent /
- wear surface morphology

HTML

图 1 销盘端面式摩擦磨损实验装置结构简图^[24]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the pin-disc friction and wear experimental device^[24]

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图 2 直接测力法实验件受力分析简图

Figure 2. Direct force measurement method experimental piece force analysis diagram

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图 3 间接转矩法实验件受力分析简图

Figure 3. Indirect torque method experimental piece force analysis diagram

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图 4 刷式密封摩擦磨损特性实验装置与刷式密封实验件实物图

Figure 4. Brush seal friction and wear characteristics experimental device and brush seal experimental piece physical diagram

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图 5 刷式密封摩擦磨损特性实验装置示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of brush seal friction and wear characteristics experimental device

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图 6 刷式密封实验件结构组成示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the structure of the brush seal experimental piece

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图 7 刷式密封刷丝摩擦磨损特性研究实验方案示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the experimental plan for studying the friction and wear characteristics of the brush seal bristle

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图 8 刷式密封摩擦因数实验识别模型结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of experimental recognition model results of friction coefficient of brush seal

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图 9 不同后挡板保护高度下的刷丝与转子表面静态和动态正压力

Figure 9. Static and dynamic positive pressure of the brush bristle and the rotor surface under different protection heights of the back baffle

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图 10 不同刷丝径向长度下的刷丝与转子表面静态和动态正压力

Figure 10. Static and dynamic positive pressure on the surface of the brush bristle and the rotor under different radial lengths of the bristle

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图 11 不同刷丝束厚度下的刷丝与转子表面静态和动态正压力

Figure 11. Static and dynamic positive pressures on the surface of the brush bristle and the rotor under different bristle pack thicknesses

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图 12 转速升降循环对刷丝与转子表面正压力的影响

Figure 12. Influence of rotor speed up and down cycle on the positive pressure of brush bristle and rotor surface

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图 13 刷丝与转子间干涉量对刷丝摩擦因数影响

Figure 13. Influence of the interference between the brush wire and the rotor on the friction coefficient of the brush wire

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图 14 转子转速对刷丝摩擦因数影响

Figure 14. Influence of rotor speed on friction coefficient of brush bristle

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图 15 摩擦时长对刷丝摩擦因数影响

Figure 15. Influence of friction time on friction coefficient of brush bristle

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图 16 不同干涉量下磨损前后刷丝形貌对比图

Figure 16. Comparison of brush bristle morphology before and after wear under different interference

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表 1 刷式密封实验件结构参数表

Table 1. Structure parameter table of the brush seal experimental piece

结构参数	数值
刷丝直径d/mm	0.08
刷丝束轴向厚度B/mm	0.8，1.2，1.8
刷丝径向长度L₁/mm	10.3，10.4，10.5
前挡板轴向厚度L₂/mm	1.0
后挡板轴向厚度L₃/mm	2.0
前挡板与刷丝间距离e₁/mm	1.0
后挡板压力腔宽度e₂/mm	1.0
前挡板保护高度h_f/mm	1.9
后挡板保护高度h_r/mm	1.5，1.8，2.5
周向倾角θ/（°）	45

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表 2 刷式密封实验件编号及主要参数表

Table 2. Brush seal experiment part number and main parameter table mm

	长前挡板	短前挡板
主要参数	长前挡板	基本型	后挡板保护高度		刷丝径向长度		刷丝束厚度
	BS01	BS08	BS02	BS03	BS04	BS05	BS06	BS07
后挡板保护高度h_r	1.5	1.5	1.8	2.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
刷丝束厚度B	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.2	0.8
刷丝径向长度L₁	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.4	10.3	10.5	10.5

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表 3 不同干涉量下磨损前后实验件质量对比

Table 3. Comparison of the quality of the experimental parts before and after wear under different interference g

刷丝与转子间干涉量	BS01-干涉0.3 mm	BS01-干涉0.4 mm
磨损前	163.9104	163.0175
磨损后	163.7517	162.3880
磨损量	0.1587	0.6295

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