Numerical study on propulsion performance of solar wind magnetic sail
-
摘要:
利用考虑行星际磁场作用的磁流体动力学模型，建立了磁帆三维数值模拟方法，对计算方法的可靠性进行了验证，发现了线圈尾部的磁重联现象，研究了太阳风来流速度、等离子体离子数密度以及攻角对磁帆推进性能的影响。得出以下结论：不同速度、不同离子数密度的太阳风主要通过改变
z 方向电流的大小改变洛伦兹力，进而影响磁帆的推进性能：太阳风离子数密度恒定时，随着来流速度由30 km/s逐渐增大至75 km/s，z 方向电流最大值由4205 A/m2增至14709 A/m2，磁帆所受推力由3.39 N增至13.40 N；太阳风来流速度恒定时，随着离子数密度由1.8×1019 m−3增大至4.5×1019 m−3，z 方向电流最大值由6039 A/m2增至10585 A/m2，磁帆所受推力由6.62 N增至12.27 N。磁帆攻角变化，主要通过磁场构型的变化影响磁帆推进性能：攻角为0°和90°时的磁层半径分别为0.14 m和0.18 m，磁帆所受推力分别为6.62 N和11.03 N，由此推测实际应用中保持线圈轴线与太阳风来流方向平行，可获得更大推力。系统研究了相关因素对磁帆推进性能的影响，可为磁帆的推力调节研究提供参考和支持，对未来磁帆的深入研究具有重要的参考价值。-
关键词:
- 磁帆 /
- 磁流体动力学（MHD）推进 /
- 太阳风速度 /
- 离子数密度 /
- 攻角
Abstract:The three-dimensional numerical simulation of the solar wind magnetic sail was established with the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model considering the interplanetary magnetic field. The verification of the calculation method was accomplished by comparison with experimental data. In addition, the observation and confirmation of the magnetic reconnection were achieved at the tail of the coil. The propulsion performance of the magnetic sail was studied in terms of the incoming velocity, the plasma ion number density and the attack angle of of the solar wind. The solar wind with different velocities and different ion number densities mainly influenced the Lorentz force by affecting the current in the
z direction, which further affected the propulsion performance of the magnetic sail. As incoming velocity increased from 30 km/s to 75 km/s of solar wind with fixed ion number density, the maximum current inz direction increased from 4205 A/m2 to 14709 A/m2, and the thrust of magnetic sail increased from 3.39 N to 13.40 N. As the ion number density increased from 1.8×1019 m−3 to 4.5×1019 m−3 of solar wind with fixed incoming velocity, the maximum current inz direction increased from 6039 A/m2 to 10585 A/m2, and the thrust increased from 6.62 N to 12.27 N. The variation of the attack angle affected the propulsion performance of magnetic sail by influencing the configuration of magnetic field. With the attack angle of 0° and 90°, the radius of the magnetic cavity was 0.14 m and 0.18 m, respectively. Correspondingly, the thrust of the magnetic sail was 6.62 N and 11.03 N, respectively. It was inferred that larger thrust can be obtained by keeping the axis of the coil parallel to the direction of the solar wind in practical application. The influence of relevant factors on the propulsion performance of magnetic sail was studied systematically, which can provide a reference and support for the research of thrust regulation of the sail, and has important reference value for the further study of magnetic sail. -
图 4 z=0 m平面外加磁场流线分布
Figure 4. Streamline distribution of external magnetic field on z=0 m plane
图 7 太阳风与磁场作用后流场、电流及磁场分布
Figure 7. Distribution of flow field, electric current and magnetic field after interaction of solar wind flow and magnetic field
图 8 不同太阳风来流速度下z方向电流分布
Figure 8. Current distribution in z direction at different solar wind incoming velocities
图 9 不同来流速度的太阳风与磁场作用后的磁场流线分布
Figure 9. Streamline distribution of magnetic field after interaction of magnetic field and solar wind with different incoming velocities
图 11 不同电导率下z方向电流分布
Figure 11. Current distribution in z direction at different conductivities
图 12 不同电导率的太阳风与磁场作用后的磁场流线分布
Figure 12. Streamline distribution of magnetic field interacted with solar wind possessing different conductivities
图 13 不同攻角下太阳风与磁场作用后的磁场流线分布
Figure 13. Streamline distribution of magnetic field interacted with solar wind at different angles of attack
参数 计算值 实验值 L/m 0.14 0.15 riL/m 0.038 riL/L 0.27 0.24 Cd 3.527 F/N 6.62 1.64 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同电导率计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results at different conductivities
σ/（S/m） ni/1019 m−3 L/m riL/m riL/L Cd F/N 2 000 1.8 0.14 0.038 0.271 3.527 6.62 3000 2.8 0.13 0.030 0.234 3.545 8.92 4000 4.5 0.12 0.024 0.200 3.560 12.27
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 不同攻角计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results at different angles of attack
α/（°） L/m riL/m riL/L Cd F/N 0 0.14 0.038 0.27 3.527 6.62 90 0.18 0.038 0.21 3.556 11.03
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] ZUBRIN R M,ANDREWS D G. Magnetic sails and interplanetary travel[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1991,28(2): 197-203. doi: 10.2514/3.26230 [2] ANDREWS D, ZUBRIN R. Progress in magnetic sails[R]. AIAA-1990-2367, 1990. [3] NISHIDA H, OGAWA H, FUNAKI I, et al. Verification of momentum transfer process on magnetic sail using MHD model[R]. AIAA-2005-4463, 2005. [4] AKITA D, SUZUKI K. Kinetic analysis on plasma flow of solar wind around magnetic sail[R]. AIAA-2005-4791, 2005. [5] KAJIMURA Y,USUI H,FUNAKI I,et al. Hybrid particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic sail in laboratory experiment[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power,2010,26(1): 159-166. doi: 10.2514/1.45096 [6] KAJIMURA Y,FUNAKI I,MATSUMOTO M,et al. Thrust and attitude evaluation of magnetic sail by three-dimensional hybrid particle-in-cell code[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power,2012,28(3): 652-663. doi: 10.2514/1.B34334 [7] ASHIDA Y,FUNAKI I,YAMAKAWA H,et al. Thrust evaluation of a magnetic sail by flux-tube model[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power,2012,28(3): 642-651. doi: 10.2514/1.B34332 [8] ASHIDA Y,YAMAKAWA H,FUNAKI I,et al. Thrust evaluation of small-scale magnetic sail spacecraft by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power,2014,30(1): 186-196. doi: 10.2514/1.B35026 [9] UENO K, KIMURA T, AYABE T, et al. Laboratory experiment of magnetoplasma sail: Part 1 pure magnetic sail[R]. International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-2007-2061, 2007. [10] UENO K,FUNAKI I,KIMURA T,et al. Thrust measurement of a pure magnetic sail using parallelogram-pendulum method[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power,2009,25(2): 536-539. doi: 10.2514/1.39211 [11] WINGLEE R M,SLOUGH J,ZIEMBA T,et al. Mini-magnetospheric plasma propulsion: tapping the energy of the solar wind for spacecraft propulsion[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics,2000,105(A9): 21067-21077. doi: 10.1029/1999JA000334 [12] WINGLEE R M, ZIEMBA T, EURIPIDES P, et al. Computer modeling of the laboratory testing of mini-magnetospheric plasma propulsion (M2P2)[R]. International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-2001-2200, 2001. [13] WINGLEE R M, EURIPIDES P, ZIEMBA T, et al. Simulation of mini-magnetospheric plasma propulsion (M2P2) interacting with an external plasma wind[R]. AIAA 2003-5224, 2003. [14] ASHIDA Y,FUNAKI I,YAMAKAWA H,et al. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of magnetic sails[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power,2014,30(1): 233-245. doi: 10.2514/1.B34692 [15] YAMAKAWA H,FUNAKI I,NAKAYAMA Y,et al. Magneto-plasma sail: an engineering satellite concept and its application for outer planet missions[J]. Acta Astronautica,2006,59(8/9/10/11): 777-784. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.07.003 [16] FUNAKI I, KIMURA T, UENO K, et al. Laboratory experiment of magnetoplasma sail: Part 2 magnetic field inflation[R]. International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-2007-2094, 2007. [17] MORITAKA T,USUI H,NUNAMI M,et al. Full particle-in-cell simulation study on magnetic inflation around a magneto plasma sail[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(9): 2219-2228. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2010.2056392 [18] NISHIDA H,OGAWA H,FUNAKI I,et al. Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a magnetic sail[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2006,43(3): 667-672. doi: 10.2514/1.15717 [19] 尹真. 电动力学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005. [20] NISHIDA H,FUNAKI I. Analysis of thrust characteristics of a magnetic sail in a magnetized solar wind[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power,2012,28(3): 636-641. doi: 10.2514/1.B34260 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 162
- HTML浏览量: 59
- PDF量: 74
- 被引次数: 0