结构和工况参数对电主轴动静压轴承性能的影响

贾谦; 林铿; 杨帅; 杨建晨; 王建磊; 胡文文

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210545

结构和工况参数对电主轴动静压轴承性能的影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210545

贾谦^{1, 2,},
林铿³,
杨帅⁴,
杨建晨⁴,
王建磊⁴,
胡文文¹

1.
西安交通大学城市学院机械工程系，西安 710018
2.
西安交通大学城市学院机械系统控制与机器人应用研究所，西安 710018
3.
中国船舶重工集团有限公司上海船舶设备研究所，上海 200031
4.
西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院，西安 710048

基金项目: 科技部创新方法工作专项（2019IMO10200）；西安交通大学城市学院校级项目（2020Y12）

详细信息

作者简介:
贾谦（1981-），男，讲师，博士，主要从事现代机械设计、现代测试技术研究。E-mail：qianjia@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V229⁺.2；TH133.31
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-18

Influence of structure and working condition parameters on performance of motorized spindle’s hybrid bearings

1.
Department of mechanical engineering， City College of Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710018，China
2.
Institute of mechanical system control and robot application， City College of Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710018，China
3.
Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute， China Shipbuilding Industry Group Company Limited，Shanghai 200031，China
4.
School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering， Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an 710048，China

摘要

摘要:
针对精密铣磨床的电主轴的使用需求，分析了动静压轴承的基本结构和使用工况，建立了动静压轴承静动特性参数的计算模型，静特性参数包括温升、流量、承载力和功耗，动特性参数为刚度。计算分析了结构参数半径间隙、节流孔径、宽径比和工况参数供油压力和工作转速对动静压轴承静动特性参数的影响，并将计算结果与层流模型结果和试验结果进行了对比。研究表明：半径间隙是一个较为敏感的变量，对温升的影响较大，使温升降低了约77.6%，和节流孔径、宽径比相比半径间隙对动静压轴承性能的影响程度最大；转速对动静压轴承的静动特性均有较为明显的影响，特别是对温升和功耗的影响幅度较大，分别增长了初值的17.8倍和18.1倍，电主轴在高速工况下需有较好的降温措施。
- 精密磨床 /
- 电主轴 /
- 动静压轴承 /
- 静特性 /
- 动特性
Abstract:
In view of the demand for the use of the motorized spindle of the precision grinder, the basic structure and operating conditions of hydrodynamic bearing were analyzed, and the calculation model of the static and dynamic characteristics of the hybrid bearing was established. The static characteristics included temperature rise, flow rate, load bearing force and power consumption, the dynamic characteristic parameter included a stiffness. The influences of structural parameters, radius clearance, throttle aperture, width-to-diameter ratio, working condition parameters oil supply pressure and rotate speed on the static and dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamic bearing were calculated and analyzed, then the calculated results were compared with the results of the laminar flow model and the test results. Research showed that: radius clearance was a more sensitive variable, which had a significant impact on temperature rise, reducing it by about 77.6%. Compared with throttle aperture and width-to-diameter ratio, radius clearance had the greatest impact on the performance of hydrodynamic bearing; rotating speed had a greater impact on the static and dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamic bearing. Obviously, the impact on temperature rise and power consumption was relatively large, increasing by 17.8 times and 18.1 times of the initial value respectively; the motorized spindle required for better cooling measures under high-speed working conditions.
- precision grinder /
- motorized spindle /
- hydrodynamic bearing /
- static characteristics /
- dynamic characteristic

HTML

图 1 动静压轴承的二维和三维结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional structure of hydrodynamic bearing

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图 2 动静压轴承支撑的电主轴结构示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the structure of the electric spindle supported by hydrodynamic bearing

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图 3 二维模型轴承工作系统示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of two-dimensional model bearing working system

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图 4 油腔的流量示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the volume flow of the oil chamber

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图 5 动静压轴承的性能计算流程示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the performance calculation process of hydrodynamic bearing

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图 6 动静压轴承性能随半径间隙的变化

Figure 6. Hydrodynamic bearing performance changes with radius clearance

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图 7 动静压轴承性能随节流孔径的变化

Figure 7. Hydrodynamic bearing performance changes with throttle aperture

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图 8 动静压轴承性能随宽径比的变化

Figure 8. Hydrodynamic bearing performance changes with width-to-diameter ratio

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图 9 动静压轴承性能随供油压力的变化

Figure 9. Hydrodynamic bearing performance changes with oil supply pressure

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图 10 动静压轴承性能随转速的变化

Figure 10. Hydrodynamic bearing performance changes with speed

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图 11 动静压轴承电主轴试验台及数据采集装置

Figure 11. Hydrodynamic bearing electric spindle test bench and data acquisition device

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表 1 动静压轴承的结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of hydrodynamic bearing

参数	数值	参数	数值
外径/mm	180	半径间隙h₀/μm	30
内径/mm	100	油腔宽度/mm	76
宽度/mm	100	深腔深度/mm	1.5
浅腔包角/（°）	70	浅腔深度/mm	0.05
深腔包角/（°）	11	节流孔径/mm	1.0

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表 2 动静压轴承的工况参数

Table 2. Working condition parameters of hydrodynamic bearing

参数	数值	参数	数值
供油温度/℃	25	主轴功率/kW	15
润滑油黏度/10⁻³（Pa∙s）	1.8	工作转速/（r/min）	0～12000
最大载荷/kN	5	供油压力/MPa	2

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表 3 层紊流状态下结构和工况参数对温升影响的对比情况

Table 3. Comparison of the influence of structure and working condition parameters on temperature rise in the state of layered turbulent flow

参数	层流状态	紊流状态
半径间隙h₀/μm	14.6953	14.715
节流孔径/mm	14.63	14.6386
宽径比	16.85	16.96
供油压力/MPa	13.1963	13.236
转速/（r/min）	3.825	3.839

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表 4 不同转速下各参数仿真与试验数据的对比

Table 4. Comparison of simulation and test data of various parameters at different speeds

参数	转速/（r/min）
	5000		7000
	仿真	试验	仿真	试验
温升/℃	3.839	2.689	7.4215	6.438
刚度/10⁶ （kN/m)	0.75	0.55	0.95	0.80
承载力/kN	0.75	1.12	0.95	1.20

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