Simulation study on precooling process of liquid methane pipeline
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摘要:
低温推进剂液体火箭发动机在推进剂加注时需要进行管道预冷以避免推进剂气化。为揭示管路预冷过程中低温流体的两相流动特性，针对小型液氧/甲烷发动机液态甲烷管道的预冷过程进行了研究。采用Lee蒸发模型，模拟并分析了不同入口流量下的湍流传热过程，得到了管道预冷过程中甲烷的体积分数、温度、压力和速度的变化规律。结果表明：在管道预冷过程中，液态甲烷会发生闪蒸现象，甲烷的温度和压力的变化是影响闪蒸的主要因素；在低流量时，预冷时间与质量流量呈负相关，当质量流量增大到一定程度后，预冷时间趋于稳定值。研究结果可预示容许时间内的最优预冷流量，对提高预冷效率和改进低温推进剂加注过程具有指导作用。
Abstract:In order to avoid propellant gasification, cryogenic liquid rocket engine needs pipeline precooling during propellant filling. To reveal the two-phase flow characteristics of cryogenic fluid during pipeline precooling, study was carried out for the precooling process of liquid methane pipeline in a small liquid oxygen/methane engine. The turbulent heat transfer process under different inlet flow rates was simulated and analyzed by Lee evaporation model, and the variation rules of methane volume fraction, temperature, pressure and velocity during the pipeline precooling process were obtained. The results showed that the flash of liquid methane occurred during the precooling process, and the change of methane temperature and pressure was the main factor affecting the flash. At low flow rate, the precooling time decreased with the increase of mass flow rate; when the mass flow rate increased to a certain extent, the precooling time was prone to be stable. The results can predict the optimal precooling flow rate in the allowable time, which has a guiding role in improving the precooling efficiency and the filling process of cryogenic propellant.
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Key words:
- liquid methane /
- precooling process /
- phase change /
- Lee model /
- flash
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图 3 不同入口流量条件下甲烷气体体积随时间的变化
Figure 3. Variation of methane gas volume with time under different inlet flow conditions
图 4 不同时刻下甲烷气体体积分数沿管道位置的变化（q=73 g/s）
Figure 4. Variation of methane gas volume fraction along the pipeline position at different times （q=73 g/s）
图 5 不同时刻下液态甲烷在预冷管道中的流型（q=73 g/s）
Figure 5. Flow pattern of liquid methane in precooling pipeline at different time （q=73 g/s）
图 6 不同入口流量条件下甲烷的温度随时间的变化
Figure 6. Variation of methane temperature with time under different inlet flow conditions
图 7 不同时刻下甲烷温度沿管道位置的变化（q=73 g/s）
Figure 7. Variation of methane temperature along the pipeline position at different times （q =73 g/s）
图 8 不同入口流量条件下甲烷的压力随时间的变化
Figure 8. Variation of methane pressure with time under different inlet flow conditions
图 9 不同时刻下压力沿管道位置的变化（q=73 g/s）
Figure 9. Variation of pressure along pipeline positions at different times （q=73 g/s）
图 10 不同时刻下管道内的两相流场变化（q=375 g/s）
Figure 10. Variation of two-phase flow field in the pipeline at different times （q=375 g/s）
图 11 不同入口流量条件下甲烷的速度随时间的变化
Figure 11. Variation of methane velocity with time under different inlet flow conditions
图 12 不同时刻下甲烷速度沿管道位置的变化（q=73 g/s）
Figure 12. Variation of methane velocity along pipeline position at different times （q=73 g/s）
图 13 不同入口流量条件下管道壁温随时间的变化
Figure 13. Variation of pipe wall temperature with time under different inlet flow conditions
图 14 不同入口流量的甲烷预冷管道所需的时间
Figure 14. Time required for methane precooling pipelines with different inlet flows
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