一种屏蔽式总温探头设计及其测量误差估计

季念; 马朝臣

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210620

一种屏蔽式总温探头设计及其测量误差估计

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210620

季念,
马朝臣^*, ,

北京理工大学机械与车辆学院叶轮机械与增压技术研究所，北京 100081

详细信息

作者简介:
季念（1996-），男，硕士生，主要从事叶轮机械气体动力学方面的研究

通讯作者:
马朝臣（1959-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事叶轮机械方面的研究。E-mail：mcc1900@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-31
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-25

Design and measurement error estimation of a shielded total temperature probe

JI Nian,
MA Chaochen^{*
, ,}

Institute of Turbomachinery and Turbocharging Technology，School of Mechanical Engineering，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China

摘要

摘要:
在忽略辐射误差的情况下，使用流固耦合传热数值模拟的方法预测了一种总温探头在不同工况下的速度误差和导热误差。结果表明：在马赫数为0.2～0.6的范围内，导热误差都保持在较小值；总误差的90%以上由速度误差贡献；最大测量误差为1.13 K，比结构A、结构B、结构C以及结构D分别低了331.6%、119.4%、61.6%以及59.5%；速度误差和导热误差存在互相影响的关系，存在最优解可使总误差最小；适用于等温来流和马赫数大于0.5的高速非等温来流的总温测量。最后探讨了热电偶节点位置对测量精度的影响，节点在从设计点远离支持体的过程中，测量误差遵循着先增大后减小的变化规律。
- 屏蔽式总温探头 /
- 热电偶 /
- 结构设计 /
- 流固共轭耦合 /
- 稳态误差
Abstract:
Ignoring the radiation error, the velocity error and heat conduction error of a shielded total temperature probe under different working conditions were predicted by using the conjugate heat transfer numerical simulation method. Results showed that the thermal conductivity error was kept at a small value in the range of Mach number from 0.2 to 0.6; more than 90% of the total error was contributed by velocity error; the maximum measurement error was 1.13 K, which was 331.62%, 119.4%, 61.6% and 59.5% lower than the common structure A, B, C and D, respectively; velocity error and conduction error affected each other, and there was an optimal solution to minimize the total error. It was applicable to the total temperature measurement of isothermal incoming flow and high-speed non-isothermal incoming flow with Mach number greater than 0.5. Finally, the influence of thermocouple junction position on measurement accuracy was discussed. When the junction was kept away from the support from the design point, the measurement error followed the change law of first increasing and then decreasing.
- shielded total temperature probe /
- thermocouple /
- structure design /
- conjugate heat transfer /
- steady state error

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图 1 热电偶传热示意图

Figure 1. Heat transfer diagram of thermocouple

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图 2 偶丝方向与来流方向的两种关系

Figure 2. Two relations between wire direction and incoming flow direction

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图 3 计算域示意图

Figure 3. Diagram of computing domaim

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图 4 计算域网格

Figure 4. Grid of computational domain

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图 5 Ma=0.5和Ma=0.6时屏蔽罩壁面周围气流流动

Figure 5. Airflow around shield wall when Ma=0.5, Ma=0.6

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图 6 Ma=0.6时节点壁面和屏蔽罩壁面的$ {y}^{+} $

Figure 6. Wall $ {y}^{+} $ of junction and shield when Ma=0.6

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图 7 数值计算结果与经验公式计算结果对比

Figure 7. Comparison between numerical calculation results and empirical formula calculation results

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图 8 不同结构的总温测量设备

Figure 8. Total temperature measuring equipment of different structures

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图 9 不同结构总温热电偶测量误差预测结果

Figure 9. Prediction results of total temperature thermocouple measurement error of different structures

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图 10 不同落压比和进口温度下出口温度测量误差为1 K时涡轮机绝热效率测量误差

Figure 10. Measurement error of turbine adiabatic efficiency when the measurement error of outlet temperature is 1 K under different pressure drop ratios and inlet temperatures

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图 11 裸线式热电偶探头结构简图

Figure 11. Structure sketch of bare wire thermocouple probe

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图 12 总温热电偶几何尺寸（单位：mm）

Figure 12. Geometric dimensions of total temperature thermocouple （unit: mm）

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图 13 数值计算预测的各类测量误差大小及其百分比

Figure 13. Size and percentage of various measurement errors predicted by numerical calculation

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图 14 不同结构总温热电偶测量误差预测结果

Figure 14. Prediction results of total temperature thermocouple measurement error of different structures

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图 15 总温探头测量非等温来流示意图

Figure 15. Diagram of non-isothermal incoming flow measured by total temperature probe

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图 16 不同温差下总温探头的测量误差

Figure 16. Measurement error of total temperature probe under different temperature differences

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图 17 屏蔽罩上5个截面

Figure 17. Five sections on the shield

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图 18 Ma=0.3时截面$ {S}_{1} $、$ {S}_{2} $、$ {S}_{3} $、$ {S}_{4} $以及$ {S}_{5} $的流线图

Figure 18. Streamlines of sections $ {S}_{1} $, $ {S}_{2} $, $ {S}_{3} $, $ {S}_{4} $ and $ {S}_{5} $ when Ma=0.3

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图 19 Ma=0.6时截面$ {S}_{1} $、$ {S}_{2} $、$ {S}_{3} $、$ {S}_{4} $以及$ {S}_{5} $的流线图

Figure 19. Streamlines of sections $ {S}_{1} $, $ {S}_{2} $, $ {S}_{3} $, $ {S}_{4} $ and $ {S}_{5} $ when Ma=0.6

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图 20 Ma=0.5时$ {S_2} $截面上流线图和温度云图

Figure 20. Streamlines and temperature contour on section $ {S_2} $ when Ma=0.5

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图 21 Ma=0.5时$ {S_4} $截面上流线图和温度云图

Figure 21. Streamlines and temperature contour on section $ {S_4} $ when Ma=0.5

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图 22 型号1、2和3在Ma=0.6时截面$ {S}_{2} $的流线图

Figure 22. Streamlines of section $ {S}_{2} $ for models 1, 2 and 3 when Ma=0.6

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图 23 型号1、2和3在Ma=0.6时截面$ {S}_{1} $的流线图

Figure 23. Streamlines of section $ {S}_{1} $ for models 1, 2 and 3 when Ma=0.6

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表 1 网格无关性验证

Table 1. Verification of grid independence

网格名称	网格数/万	T_j/K
第1套	314	338.75
第2套	467	338.59
第3套	628	338.57

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表 2 仿真工况

Table 2. Simulation conditions

工况	$ {V}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $	$ {T}_{\mathrm{s}} $/K	$ {p}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}} $/Pa
A	Ma=0.2
B	Ma=0.3
C	Ma=0.4	323.15	101325
D	Ma=0.5
E	Ma=0.6

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表 3 使用Moffat误差估计公式对裸线式热电偶测量误差进行估计的结果

Table 3. Estimation results of measurement error of bare wire thermocouple using Moffat error estimation formula

Ma	${T}_{\mathrm{j} }/{\rm{K}}$	$ {T}_{0}/{\rm{K}} $	$ {E}_{\mathrm{v}}/{\rm{K}} $	$ {E}_{\mathrm{c}}/{\rm{K}} $	$ {E}_{\mathrm{r}}/{\rm{K}} $	$ E/{\rm{K}} $
0.2	325.1	325.7	$ 0.65～1.00 $	$ 0.38～0.44 $	$0.002\;1～0.002\;8$	$ 1.03～1.45 $
0.3	327.5	329.0	$ 1.45～2.68 $	$ 0.76～0.89 $	$0.003\;7～0.004\;9$	$ 2.21～3.16 $
0.4	330.9	333.5	$ 2.59～4.03 $	$ 1.21～1.45 $	$0.005\;7～0.007\;6$	$ 3.80～5.49 $
0.5	353.3	339.3	$ 4.04～6.30 $	$ 1.72～2.09 $	$0.008\;1～0.011\;0$	$ 5.77～8.40 $
0.6	340.6	346.4	$ 5.82～9.07 $	$ 2.25～2.78 $	$0.011\;0～0.015\;0$	$ 8.08～11.86 $

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表 4 总温热电偶使用材料^[4]

Table 4. Materials used for total temperature thermocouple^[4]

名称	材料	导热系数/ $（\mathrm{W}/ （\mathrm{m}\cdot \mathrm{K}））$	发射率
屏蔽罩	不锈钢	15	0.85
左偶丝	镍硅合金	29.71	0.9
右偶丝	镍硅合金	19.25	0.9
偶丝节点		24.48	0.9
支持体	尼龙	0.2	0.1

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表 5 3种改型偶丝的长度和直径

Table 5. Length and diameter of three modified wires

型号	偶丝长/mm	偶丝直径/mm	长径比
原型	1.7	0.3	5.67
改型1	2.4	0.3	8
改型2	2.4	0.15	16
改型3	3.1	0.3	9.3

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表 6 改型后3种屏蔽式总温热电偶在Ma=0.6时的误差组成及增量百分比

Table 6. Error composition and increment percentage of three shielded total temperature thermocouples after modification when Ma=0.6

型号	$ {E}_{\mathrm{c}}/{\rm{K}} $	${\delta }_{\mathrm{c} }/{\text{%}}$	$ {E}_{\mathrm{v}}/{\rm{K}} $	${\delta }_{\mathrm{v} }/{\text{%}}$	$ E/{\rm{K}} $	$\delta /{\text{%}}$
原型	0.115		1.014		1.129
1	0.048	−56.5	1.306	28.8	1.356	20.1
2	0.077	−33.0	1.221	20.4	1.298	15.0
3	0.091	−20.9	1.126	11.0	1.035	−8.3

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