航空发动机螺栓拧紧力矩系数波动试验

李小强; 韩玉杰; 陈飞宇; 王辉; 赵兵

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210629

航空发动机螺栓拧紧力矩系数波动试验

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210629

1.
北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院，北京 100191
2.
清华大学机械工程学院，北京 100084

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2017-Ⅶ-0010-0104）；基础科研项目（JCKY2019204A004）

详细信息

作者简介:
李小强（1979-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事先进装配工艺与装备、精密成形工艺与装备研究。E-mail：lixiaoqiang@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V232.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-11

Experiment on bolt tightening torque coefficient fluctuation of aeroengine

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation， Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China

摘要

摘要:
围绕表面粗糙度结构参数、表面润滑工艺参数，结合航空发动机螺栓多次装调工艺特性，设置表面装配特性差异条件，基于搭建的TC4单螺栓拧紧试验系统开展了试验研究。结果表明：使用力矩控制法时，随着拧紧摩擦面表面粗糙度的降低以及表面润滑程度的增大，拧紧装配时的当量摩擦因数随之减小且趋于稳定，从而提高了螺栓拧紧力矩系数的稳定性；拧紧摩擦面充分润滑且表面粗糙度越小、螺纹副充分润滑、使用高温石墨润滑脂可有效降低螺栓拧紧力矩系数的波动量，提高航空发动机螺栓组连接预紧力的一致性。
- 螺栓拧紧力矩系数 /
- 螺栓连接 /
- 表面粗糙度 /
- 润滑 /
- 预紧力一致性
Abstract:
Based on the surface roughness structure parameters and surface lubrication process parameters, the differential conditions of surface assembly characteristics were set in combination with the process characteristics of aeroengine bolts for several times. The experimental study was carried out based on the TC4 single bolt tightening test system. Results showed that when torque control method was used, the equivalent friction coefficient of tightening assembly decreased and was prone to stabilize with the decrease of surface roughness and the increase of surface lubrication levels, thus improving the stability of tightening torque coefficient. Sufficient lubrication of tightening friction surface with lower surface roughness, sufficient lubrication of thread pair and use of high temperature graphite grease can effectively reduce the fluctuation of tightening torque coefficient and improve the consistency of preload force of aeroengine bolt set connection.
- bolt tightening torque coefficient /
- bolt connection /
- surface roughness /
- lubrication /
- the consistency of preload

HTML

图 1 航空发动机静子典型螺栓连接结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of typical bolt connection structure for aeroengine stator

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图 2 单螺栓拧紧试验件结构图

Figure 2. Structure diagram of single bolt tightening specimen

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图 3 不同表面粗糙度的钛板

Figure 3. Titanium plates with different surface roughnesses

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图 4 不同表面粗糙度的钛板微观形貌

Figure 4. Microstructure of titanium plate with different surface roughnesses

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图 5 Atlas Copco拧紧工具系统

Figure 5. Tightening tool system of Atlas Copco

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图 6 超声波测量预紧力原理示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of ultrasonic measuring preload

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图 7 不同表面粗糙度下的F-M曲线

Figure 7. F-M curves under different surface roughnesses

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图 8 不同表面粗糙度下K的波动曲线

Figure 8. Fluctuation curves of K under different surface roughnesses

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图 9 不同表面粗糙度下K的标准差

Figure 9. Standard deviation of K under different surface roughnesses

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图 10 不同表面粗糙度的钛板在多次拧紧下K的波动情况

Figure 10. Fluctuation of K in titanium plates with different surface roughnesses under multiple tightening

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图 11 螺栓与螺母润滑位置示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of lubrication position of bolt and nut

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图 12 试验中使用的不同种类润滑剂

Figure 12. Different types of lubricants used in the tests

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图 13 不同表面润滑程度下的F-M曲线

Figure 13. F-M curves under different levels of surface lubrication

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图 14 不同表面润滑程度下K的波动曲线

Figure 14. Fluctuation curves of K under different levels of surface lubrication

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图 15 不同表面润滑程度下K的标准差

Figure 15. Standard deviation of K under different levels of surface lubrication

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图 16 不同表面润滑程度的钛板在多次拧紧下K的波动情况

Figure 16. Fluctuation of K in titanium plates with different levels of surface lubrication under multiple tightening

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图 17 不同润滑剂下的F-M曲线

Figure 17. F-M curves under different lubricants

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图 18 不同润滑剂下K的波动曲线

Figure 18. Fluctuation curve of K under different lubricants

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图 19 不同润滑剂下K的标准差

Figure 19. Standard deviation of K under different lubricants

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图 20 不同润滑剂下的钛板在多次拧紧下K的波动情况

Figure 20. Fluctuation of K in titanium plates with different lubricants under multiple tightening

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图 21 K波动成因分析

Figure 21. Cause analysis of K fluctuation

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表 1 Atlas Copco拧紧工具系统性能指标

Table 1. Performance index of tightening tool system of Atlas Copco

参数	数值
输出力矩范围/（N·m）	5～55
输出力矩精度/%	±2.5
输出转角精度/（°）	±1
转速范围/（r/min）	0～735

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表 2 iFast 超声波预紧力测量系统性能指标

Table 2. Performance index of ultrasonic preload measurement system of iFast

参数	数值
长度测量范围/mm	10～5000
长度测量精度/μm	0.05
预紧力测量范围/kN	0.1～1000
预紧力测量精度/%	±3
测量采样频率/Hz	100～2000
超声传感器频率/MHz	1～10

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表 3 钛板的拧紧摩擦面表面粗糙度设置情况

Table 3. Surface roughness setting of tightening friction surface of titanium plate

钛板编号	表面粗糙度/μm
钛板编号	拧紧摩擦面	其余面
1	3.2	1.6
2	1.6	1.6
3	0.8	1.6
4	0.4	1.6

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表 4 拧紧摩擦面表面粗糙度对K的影响试验工艺条件

Table 4. Experimental conditions for the effect of surface roughness on K of tightening friction surface

参数	数值及说明
拧紧部位	螺母
表面润滑程度	无润滑
拧紧控制方法	力矩控制法
拧紧力矩/（N·m）	5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
重复拧紧次数	每个拧紧力矩梯度重复拧紧5次
拧紧速度/（r/min）	60
拧紧步数	单步拧紧

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表 5 表面润滑程度对K的影响试验设置情况

Table 5. Test setting for the influence of surface lubrication level on K

组号	简称	润滑螺栓螺纹接触面	润滑螺母螺纹接触面	润滑螺母拧紧摩擦面
A	无润滑
B	仅润滑螺母			√
C	仅润滑螺栓	√
D	充分润滑	√		√
E	饱和润滑	√	√	√

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表 6 表面润滑程度对K的影响试验工艺条件

Table 6. Experimental conditions for the influence of surface lubrication level on K

参数	数值及说明
拧紧部位	螺母
拧紧温度/℃	25
润滑剂种类	二硫化钼润滑脂
表面粗糙度/μm	1.6（拧紧摩擦面）
拧紧控制方法	力矩控制法
拧紧力矩/（N·m）	5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
重复拧紧次数	每个拧紧力矩梯度重复拧紧5次
拧紧速度/（r/min）	60
拧紧步数	单步拧紧

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表 7 润滑剂种类对K的影响试验设置情况

Table 7. Test setting for the influence of lubricant type on K

试验组号	润滑剂种类
A	无润滑
B	普通锂基润滑脂
C	二硫化钼润滑脂
D	高温石墨润滑脂

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表 8 润滑剂种类对K的影响试验工艺条件

Table 8. Experimental conditions for the influence of lubricant type on K

参数	数值及说明
拧紧部位	螺母
拧紧温度/℃	25
表面润滑程度	充分润滑
表面粗糙度/μm	1.6（拧紧摩擦面）
拧紧控制方法	力矩控制法
拧紧力矩/（N·m）	5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
重复拧紧次数	每个拧紧力矩梯度重复拧紧5次
拧紧速度/（r/min）	60
拧紧步数	单步拧紧

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