TC4平板冲蚀磨损的数值仿真与试验验证

杨晓军; 柳笑寒; 刘文博; 袁中楠

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210647

TC4平板冲蚀磨损的数值仿真与试验验证

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20210647

中国民航大学航空工程学院，天津 300300

基金项目: 中国民航大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目（3122019187）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨晓军（1980-），男，教授、硕士生导师，博士，主要从事航空发动机流动与换热方面研究。E-mail：xiaojunyoung@hotmail.com

通讯作者:
柳笑寒（1997-），男，硕士生，主要从事航空发动机冲蚀磨损规律方面研究。E-mail：2019012096@cauc.edu.cn

中图分类号: V252
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-01

Numerical simulation and experimental validation for erosion wear of TC4 plates

College of Aeronautical Engineering，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China

摘要

摘要:
为了准确地预测不同冲蚀机制下TC4材料的冲蚀率，通过有限元法建立多颗粒随机冲蚀模型，研究在不同颗粒形状、冲击角与冲击速度的Al₂O₃颗粒冲蚀下TC4平板的冲蚀机理和冲蚀率。通过与相同条件下的冲蚀试验获得的冲蚀率进行对比，验证了数值仿真模型的合理性与真实性。结果表明：30°的低角度冲蚀仿真应使用正方体颗粒，其棱角与材料的相对运动更符合刀具切削的过程；90°的高角度冲蚀仿真应使用球形颗粒，能体现冲蚀过程中对凹坑接触面造成的剪切和挤压作用；相同条件下颗粒冲击速度越大，冲蚀率增长越快，30°的冲蚀率增长较为迅速，90°的冲蚀率增长较为平缓。
- TC4平板 /
- 冲蚀率 /
- 有限元法 /
- 颗粒形状 /
- 冲击角
Abstract:
In order to accurately predict the erosion rate of TC4 material under different erosion mechanisms, a multi-particle random erosion model was established by finite element method, and the erosion mechanism and erosion rate of TC4 plate under the erosion of Al₂O₃ particles with different particle shapes, impact angles and impact velocities were studied. Compared with the erosion rate obtained by erosion test under the same conditions, the rationality and authenticity of the numerical simulation model were verified. Results showed that cubic particles should be used in the simulation of low-angle erosion at 30 degrees, and the relative movement between edges and materials was more in line with the cutting process. Spherical particles should be used in the simulation of 90 degrees high-angle erosion, which can reflect the shearing and squeezing effects on the contact surface of pits during erosion. Under the same conditions, the greater the impact velocity of particles was, the faster the erosion rate increased, the faster the erosion rate increased at 30 degrees, and the more gentle the erosion rate increased at 90 degrees.
- TC4 plate /
- erosion rate /
- finite element method /
- particle shape /
- impingement angle

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图 1 TC4平板有限元模型（单位：mm）

Figure 1. TC4 plate finite element model （unit: mm）

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图 2 多颗粒冲蚀仿真模型示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of multi-particle erosion simulation model

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图 3 正方体颗粒冲击角与方位角示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of impingement angle and azimuth angle of cube particles

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图 4 气流喷砂式冲蚀试验平台

Figure 4. Air blast erosion experiment platform

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图 5 冲击角为30°、冲击速度为132 m/s球形颗粒冲蚀TC4的von Mises应力分布云图

Figure 5. Cloud diagram of von Mises stress distribution of TC4 eroded by spherical particles at impingement angle of 30° and impact velocity of 132 m/s

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图 6 冲击角为30°、冲击速度为132 m/s正方体颗粒冲蚀TC4的von Mises应力分布云图

Figure 6. Cloud diagram of von Mises stress distribution of TC4 eroded by cubic particles at impingement angle of 30° and impact velocity of 132 m/s

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图 7 30°角冲击下TC4累计质量损失随累计撞击球形颗粒质量的变化曲线

Figure 7. Variation curve of cumulative mass loss of TC4 with cumulative impact spherical particle mass at impingement angle of 30°

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图 8 30°角冲击下TC4累计质量损失随累计撞击正方体颗粒质量的变化曲线

Figure 8. Variation curve of cumulative mass loss of TC4 with cumulative impact cubic particle mass at impingement angle of 30°

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图 9 30°角冲击下冲蚀率随速度变化关系仿真与试验结果对比

Figure 9. Comparison between simulation and experimental results of the relationship between erosion rate and velocity at impingement angle of 30°

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图 10 冲击角为90°、冲击速度为132 m/s球形颗粒冲蚀TC4的von Mises应力分布云图

Figure 10. Cloud diagram of von Mises stress distribution of TC4 eroded by spherical particles at impingement angle of 90° and impact velocity of 132 m/s

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图 11 冲击角为90°、冲击速度为132 m/s正方体颗粒冲蚀TC4的von Mises应力分布云图

Figure 11. Cloud diagram of von Mises stress distribution of TC4 eroded by cubic particles at impingement angle of 90° and impact velocity of 132 m/s

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图 12 90°角下TC4累计质量损失随累计撞击球形颗粒质量的变化曲线

Figure 12. Variation curve of cumulative mass loss of TC4 with cumulative impact spherical particle mass at impingement angle of 90°

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图 13 90°角下TC4累计质量损失随累计撞击正方体颗粒质量的变化曲线

Figure 13. Variation curve of cumulative mass loss of TC4 with cumulative impact spherical particle mass at impingement angle of 90°

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图 14 90°角下冲蚀率随速度变化关系仿真与试验结果对比

Figure 14. Comparison between simulation and experimental results of the relationship between erosion rate and velocity at impingement angle of 90°

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图 15 不同冲击角下，冲击速度为132 m/s时球形颗粒冲蚀TC4的von Mises应力分布云图

Figure 15. Cloud diagram of von Mises stress distribution of TC4 eroded by impact velocity of 132 m/s spherical particles at different impingement angles

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图 16 不同冲击角下，冲击速度为132 m/s时正方体颗粒冲蚀TC4的von Mises应力分布云图

Figure 16. Cloud diagram of von Mises stress distribution of TC4 eroded by impact velocity of 132 m/s cubic particles at different impingement angles

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图 17 冲击速度为132 m/s时冲蚀率随冲击角变化关系仿真与试验结果对比

Figure 17. Comparison between simulation and experimental results of the relationship between erosion rate and impingement angles at impact velocity of 132 m/s

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表 1 TC4平板的材料参数

Table 1. Material parameter of TC4 plate

材料参数	Ti-6Al-4V
密度ρ/（kg/m³）	4430
弹性模量E/GPa	110
泊松比υ	0.33
J-C屈服强度A/MPa	1098
J-C硬化系数B/MPa	1092
应变硬化系数n	0.93
应变率硬化常数C	0.014
热熔化系数m	1.1
熔点T_m/K	1903
比热容c_p/（J/（kg·K））	670
J-C失效参数d₁	−0.09
J-C失效参数d₂	0.27
J-C失效参数d₃	0.48
J-C失效参数d₄	0.014
J-C失效参数d₅	3.87
C₀/（km/s）	5130
S	1.028
Grüneisen系数γ	1.23

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表 2 Al₂O₃颗粒材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of Al₂O₃ particles

材料参数	数值
密度ρ/（kg/m³）	4000
弹性模量E/GPa	310
泊松比υ	0.22

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表 3 数值仿真模型条件设置

Table 3. Condition setting of numerical simulation model

编号	形状	冲击角/（°）	冲击速度/（m/s）
1	球	90	90
2	球	90	107
3	球	90	122
4	球	90	132
5	球	30	90
6	球	30	107
7	球	30	122
8	球	30	132
9	正方体	90	90
10	正方体	90	107
11	正方体	90	122
12	正方体	90	132
13	正方体	30	90
14	正方体	30	107
15	正方体	30	122
16	正方体	30	132

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表 4 试验条件设置

Table 4. Test condition setting

编号	粒径/µm	冲击角/（°）	冲击速度/（m/s）
1	180	90	90
2	180	90	107
3	180	90	122
4	180	90	132
5	180	30	90
6	180	30	107
7	180	30	122
8	180	30	132

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表 5 全角度范围仿真与试验条件设置

Table 5. Full angle range simulation and test condition setting

冲击角/（°）	试验		仿真
冲击角/（°）	编号	形状	编号	形状
15	9	球、正方体	17	球
15	9	球、正方体	18	正方体
45	10	球、正方体	19	球
45	10	球、正方体	20	正方体
60	11	球、正方体	21	球
60	11	球、正方体	22	正方体
75	12	球、正方体	23	球
75	12	球、正方体	24	正方体

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