Aero-engine component level model considering OTDF and NOx emission characteristics
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摘要:
建立了一种考虑出口温度分布系数（OTDF）和氮氧化物（NOx）排放特性的航空发动机部件级模型，为发动机燃烧室出口温度分布和排放控制研究提供了仿真平台。以某变循环发动机为研究对象，依据其设计点参数设计燃烧室三维模型，基于CFD数值仿真方法，得到该燃烧室三维模型在海平面不同工作状态下的OTDF特性、氮氧化物排放特性。基于此，建立了适用于全包线、全状态下，可计算燃烧室特性参数的变循环发动机部件级模型。与传统部件级模型相比，该模型能准确地计算发动机在不同工作状态、不同包线点下的燃烧室出口温度分布、氮氧化物排放。仿真结果表明：燃烧室出口温度分布系数与发动机工作状态呈负相关关系，发动机转速越大，OTDF越小，燃烧室出口温度分布品质越好；燃烧室出口氮氧化物排放量与发动机工作状态呈正相关关系，发动机转速越大，燃烧室出口氮氧化物排放量越多，符合发动机燃烧基本规律。
Abstract:An aero-engine component level model considering outlet temperature distribution factor (OTDF) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristics was established, which provided a simulation platform for the study of engine combustor outlet temperature distribution and emission control. Taking a variable cycle engine as the research object, the three-dimensional combustor model was designed according to its design point parameters. Based on CFD numerical simulation method, the OTDF characteristics and NOx emission characteristics of the three-dimensional combustor model under different working conditions at sea level were obtained. Based on this, a component level model of variable cycle engine was established, which can calculate the characteristic parameters of combustor under full envelope and full state. Compared with the traditional component level model, the model can accurately calculate the combustor outlet temperature distribution and NOx emission under different working conditions and different envelope points. The simulation results showed that there was a negative correlation between the temperature distribution coefficient at the outlet of the combustor and the working state of the engine. The higher engine speed indicated, the smaller OTDF and the better temperature distribution quality at the outlet of the combustor. There was a positive correlation between the NOx emission at the outlet of the combustor and the working state of the engine. The higher engine speed indicated more NOx emission at the outlet of the combustor, which was in line with the basic law of engine combustion.
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图 9 部件级模型仿真结果图（H=0 km、Ma=0）
Figure 9. Component level model simulation results diagram （H=0 km，Ma=0）
图 10 部件级模型仿真结果图（H=10 km、Ma=1.6）
Figure 10. Component level model simulation results diagram （H=10 km，Ma=1.6）
表 1 主要结构参数
Table 1. Main structural parameters
mm 参数 数值 Dci 473.4 Di 506.8 Dcm 590 Do 673.2 Dco 706.6 
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表 2 边界条件和模型参数
Table 2. Boundary conditions and model parameters
参数 数值 进口压力/Pa 2347300 进口空气流量/（kg/s） 3.4 进口温度/K 846
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表 3 流量分配数值计算结果
Table 3. Numerical calculation results of flow distribution
气流 流量分配比例/% 误差/% 设计气量 仿真气量 雾化气流 7.35 9.00 +1.65 旋流器气流 13.65 16.56 +2.91 头部冷却气流 10.00 8.51 −1.49 火焰筒冷却气流 24.92 22.12 −2.80 主燃孔气流 14.04 12.05 −1.99 掺混孔气流 30.04 31.76 +1.72
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表 4 燃烧室出口截面计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of combustor outlet parameters
参数 部件级模型 三维模型 相对误差/% 出口总温/K 1950 1948 0.1 出口总压/Pa 2258102 2248713 0.4
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表 5 变循环发动机设计点参数（H=0 km、Ma=0）
Table 5. Design point parameters of variable cycle engine （H=0 km，Ma=0）
参数 文献模型 计算数值 ${A_{{\text{18}}}}{\text{/}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}$ 0.066458 0.066458 ${A_{\text{8}}}{\text{/}}{{\text{m}}^2}$ 0.284581 0.284581 ${n_{\text{l} } }/{\text{%} }$ 100 99.477 ${n_{\text{h} } }/{\text{%} }$ 100 99.636 ${\pi _{\text{f}}}$ 3.5 3.506 ${\pi _{{\text{CDFS}}}}$ 1.3 1.302 ${\pi _{\text{c}}}$ 6 5.988 ${\pi _{{\text{th}}}}$ 2.7768 2.7793 ${\pi _{{\text{tl}}}}$ 2.1598 2.017 ${C}_{\text{sf} }\text{/ （kg/ （N}\cdot\text{h） ） }$ 0.076 0.0747
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