Pipe flow characteristics of pasty propellant based on MAC method
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摘要:
针对膏体推进剂管道内流动与挤出胀大问题，开发了基于标志网格（MAC）法和压力耦合方程组的半隐式方法（SIMPLE）的非牛顿不可压流体求解器，膏体推进剂本构方程采用剪切稀化幂率（power-law）模型。通过膏体推进剂管道出口挤出形态数值仿真结果与实验结果的对比，验证了数值计算方法的可靠性和准确性。在此基础上，对膏体推进剂在管道内的流动与挤出过程进行数值计算，详细分析了不同时刻下膏体推进剂的流动过程与挤出胀大形态，研究了入口速度和管道直径对膏体推进剂管道流动特性的影响。结果表明: 膏体推进剂在挤出过程中，自由表面随时间变化，稳定阶段呈半球形，在管道出口存在明显的挤出胀大现象，当管道长度和直径不变时，压降和挤出胀大比都随入口速度的增加而增大；当入口速度相同时，压降和挤出胀大比随管径的增加而减小。
Abstract:Targeting the problem of the pasty propellant flow in the pipe and extrusion swell, a non-Newtonian incompressible fluid solver based on the mark and cell（MAC） method and the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation (SIMPLE) was developed. Shear-thinning power-law model was used in the constitutive equation of the pasty propellant. The reliability and accuracy of the numerical method were verified by comparing the numerical result of the extrusion morphology of the pasty propellant at the pipe outlet with the experimental result. On this basis, the flow process and extrusion swell of the pasty propellant were numerically calculated and analyzed in detail. The influences of inlet velocity and pipe diameter on the flow characteristics of the pasty propellant were investigated. Results showed that the free surface of the pasty propellant changed with time during the extrusion process. In the stable stage, the free surface of the propellant was hemispherical, and there was obvious extrusion swelling at the outlet of the pipe. When the pipe length and diameter were constant, the pressure drop and the extrusion swell ratio both increased with the increase of the inlet velocity. However, when the inlet velocity was constant, the pressure drop and extrusion expansion ratio decreased with the increase of pipe diameter.
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Key words:
- pasty propellant /
- computational fluid dynamics /
- non-Newtonian fluid /
- pipe flow /
- extrusion swells
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图 1 多种流体标记示例：推进剂和空气的分类
Figure 1. Multi-fluid cell marked example: classification for propellant and air
图 3 膏体推进剂管道流动x方向速度数值解和解析解
Figure 3. Numerical and theoretical velocity in x-direction of the pasty propellant flow in pipeline
图 4 膏体推进剂挤出实验装置示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the horizontal pasty propellant extrusion experiment platform
图 5 膏体推进剂挤出管道的计算结果与实验结果
Figure 5. Calculated and experimental results of pasty propellant extruded from the pipe
图 6 膏体推进剂挤出状态的实验和计算结果
Figure 6. Experimental and calculation results of the pasty propellant extrusion state
图 7 膏体推进剂进入管道不同时刻流动自由表面的形态
Figure 7. Free surface morphology of the pasty propellant flowing into the pipeline at different times
图 8 膏体推进剂管道外部不同时刻流动自由表面的形态
Figure 8. Free surface morphology of the pasty propellant leaves the pipeline at different times
图 9 工况10条件下不同时刻流场黏度分布
Figure 9. Viscosity distribution of flow field under case 10 condition at different times
图 10 工况10不同时刻流场内 x方向速度分布
Figure 10. x-velocity distribution of flow field under case 10 condition
图 11 工况10不同时刻轴线处 x方向速度分布
Figure 11. x-direction velocity distribution on the axis at different times under case 10
图 12 t=0.068 s时刻不同位置x方向速度分布
Figure 12. Velocity distribution in x-direction at different positions when t=0.068 s
图 13 膏体推进剂在管道出口径向速度
Figure 13. Radial velocity of the pasty propellant at the outlet of the pipe
图 14 不同入口速度下的管道流动压降曲线
Figure 14. Pressure drop of the pipe flow under different inlet velocities
图 17 压降随管道直径的变化曲线
Figure 17. Pressure drop variation curve with different pipe diameters
图 18 挤出胀大比随管道直径的变化曲线
Figure 18. Extrusion swell ratio variation curve with different pipe diameters
表 1 计算工况
Table 1. Calculation cases
变量 工况 d/mm uin/（m/s） 入口速度 1 6.00 0.50 2 6.00 0.75 3 6.00 1.00 4 6.00 1.25 5 6.00 1.50 管道直径 6 4.00 1.00 7 6.00 1.00 8 8.00 1.00 9 10.0 1.00 10 12.0 1.00 
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表 2 膏体推进剂的一般成分
Table 2. General components of the pasty propellant
组分 类型 质量分数/% AP 氧化剂 70.0 HTPB 黏结剂 10.0 金属颗粒 金属添加剂 5.0 其他 固化剂、黏合剂等 15.0
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表 3 工况1～工况5的计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results of case 1 to case 5
工况 uin/（m/s） dm/mm ∆p/kPa $ \varepsilon $ S/mm2 1 0.50 6.362 228.16 1.060 167.38 2 0.75 6.378 273.75 1.063 167.83 3 1.00 6.396 306.20 1.066 168.35 4 1.25 6.408 334.06 1.068 168.69 5 1.50 6.414 358.15 1.069 168.86
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表 4 工况6～工况10的计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of case 6 to case 10
工况 d/mm dm/mm ∆p/kPa $ \varepsilon $ S/mm2 6 4.000 4.268 730.67 1.067 98.05 7 6.000 6.396 306.20 1.066 168.35 8 8.000 8.520 164.55 1.065 252.73 9 10.00 10.640 102.88 1.064 351.10 10 12.00 12.756 70.56 1.063 463.40
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