Tooth root crack fault detection of planetary transmission based on local synchronous fitting and narrowband demodulation
-
摘要:
为实现较少旋转圈数工况下的行星传动齿轮故障检测,本文提出一种基于局部同步拟合和窄带解调的行星传动齿根裂纹故障检测方法。该方法首先对行星齿轮箱振动信号进行角域重采样,再采用局部同步拟合方法估计出确定性分量;随后,由研究中提出的啮合谐波能量比最大准则自动选择包含齿轮故障信息最丰富的滤波阶次频带,并进行窄带解调;最后,通过幅值解调和相位解调揭示齿轮故障特征。实验和对比结果表明:该方法可以有效检测出齿根裂纹引起的周期性幅值和相位突变,且所需数据量较传统的加窗同步平均方法更少,在少转数工况下的齿根裂纹故障检测具有一定的优势。
Abstract:In order to realize the fault detection of planetary transmission gear under the condition of less rotation cycles, a fault detection method for tooth root crack of planetary transmission based on local synchronous fitting and narrowband demodulation was presented. Firstly, the angular domain resampling of the vibration signal was carried out, and then the local synchronous fitting was used to estimate the deterministic component; according to the maximum meshing harmonic energy ratio criterion proposed in the research, the filter order frequency band with the most abundant gear fault information was selected automatically and demodulated; finally, the gear fault characteristics were revealed by amplitude demodulation and phase demodulation. The experimental and comparative results showed that this method can effectively detect the periodic amplitude and phase mutation caused by the root crack, and the amount of data required was less than the traditional windowed synchronous average method. The root crack fault detection under the condition of few revolutions had certain advantages.
-
表 1 行星减速器参数
Table 1. Parameters of example planetary reducer
齿轮 齿数 径向变位系数 行星轮Np (3个) 20 0.754 太阳轮Ns 28 0.529 齿圈Nr 71 0.162 表 2 行星传动相关阶比
Table 2. Related orders of planetary transmission
特征阶比 阶比 行星架旋转阶比Oc 1 啮合阶比Om 71 太阳轮故障阶比Os 2.53 行星轮故障阶比Op 3.55 表 3 行星架旋转圈数比较
Table 3. Required cycles of planet carrier
方法 行星架旋转圈 太阳轮 行星轮 局部同步拟合 2.83 3.92 加窗振动分离同步平均 700 500 -
[1] 包文杰,涂晓彤,李富才,等. 参数化的短时傅里叶变换及齿轮箱故障诊断[J]. 振动、测试与诊断,2020,40(2): 272-277, 417.BAO Wenjie,TU Xiaotong,LI Fucai,et al. The adaptive short-time Fourier transform method based on fast path optimization and its application for fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis,2020,40(2): 272-277, 417. (in Chinese) [2] 冯志鹏,赵镭镭,褚福磊. 行星齿轮箱齿轮局部故障振动频谱特征[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2013,33(5): 119-127, 19. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2013.05.004FENG Zhipeng,ZHAO Leilei,CHU Fulei. Vibration spectral characteristics of localized gear fault of planetary gearboxes[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(5): 119-127, 19. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2013.05.004 [3] 王波,王志乐. 变工况下太阳轮故障的非平稳振动信号分析[J]. 太阳能学报,2020,41(7): 298-303.WANG Bo,WANG Zhile. Analysis of sun gear fault non-stationary vibration signals under variable working conditions[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2020,41(7): 298-303. (in Chinese) [4] GUO Yu,WU Xing,NA Jing,et al. Envelope synchronous average scheme for multi-axis gear faults detection[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,365: 276-286. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2015.11.038 [5] MCFADDEN P D. A technique for calculating the time do main averages of the vibration of the individual planet gears and the Sun gear in an epicyclic gearbox[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1991,144(1): 163-172. doi: 10.1016/0022-460X(91)90739-7 [6] LEWICKI D, SAMUEL P, CONROY J, et al. Planetary transmission diagnostics[R]. NASA CR 213068, 2004. [7] GUO Yu,ZHAO Lei,WU Xing,et al. Vibration separation technique based localized tooth fault detection of planetary gear sets: a tutorial[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2019,129: 130-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.04.027 [8] GUO Yu,ZHAO Lei,WU Xing,et al. Tooth root crack detection of planet and Sun gears based on resonance demodulation and vibration separation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2020,69(1): 65-75. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2019.2893011 [9] 赵磊,郭瑜,伍星. 基于包络加窗同步平均的行星齿轮箱特征提取[J]. 振动、测试与诊断,2019,39(2): 320-326, 444.ZHAO Lei,GUO Yu,WU Xing. Fault feature extraction of planetary gearboxes based on angle domain windowed synchronous average of the envelope signal[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis,2019,39(2): 320-326, 444. (in Chinese) [10] ABBOUD D,MARNISSI Y,ASSOUMANE A,et al. Synchronous analysis of cyclo-non-stationary signals: a comprehensive study with aeronautic applications[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2022,168: 108-114. [11] 陈伟,王友仁,孙灿飞,等. 行星齿轮箱耦合调制振动信号分离与故障诊断[J]. 航空动力学报,2018,33(5): 1112-1120. doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.05.011CHEN Wei,WANG Youren,SUN Canfei,et al. Coupled modulated vibration signal component separation and fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2018,33(5): 1112-1120. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.2018.05.011 [12] MCFADDEN P D. Detecting fatigue cracks in gears by amplitude and phase demodulation of the meshing vibration[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1986,108(2): 165-170. doi: 10.1115/1.3269317 [13] 刘倩楠,郭瑜,伍星. 基于频移及谱线编辑的齿轮故障窄带解调分析方法[J]. 振动与冲击,2015,34(16): 38-42. doi: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.16.007LIU Qiannan,GUO Yu,WU Xing. Gear fault analysis based on narrowband demodulation with frequency shift and spectrum edit[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(16): 38-42. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.16.007 [14] 王丹凤,郭瑜,伍星. 幅值和相位解调的行星架裂纹故障特征提取[J]. 振动工程学报,2021,34(5): 1085-1091. doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2021.05.023WANG Danfeng,GUO Yu,WU Xing. Fault feature extraction of planetary carrier crack by amplitude and phase demodulation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering,2021,34(5): 1085-1091. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.2021.05.023 [15] MAURICIO A,SMITH W A,RANDALL R B,et al. Improved Envelope Spectrum via Feature Optimisation-gram (IESFOgram): a novel tool for rolling element bearing diagnostics under non-stationary operating conditions[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2020,144: 106891. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.106891 [16] 王平,廖明夫. 滚动轴承故障诊断的自适应共振解调技术[J]. 航空动力学报,2005,20(4): 606-612. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8055.2005.04.015WANG Ping,LIAO Mingfu. Adaptive demodulated resonance technique for the rolling bearing fault diagnosis[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2005,20(4): 606-612. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8055.2005.04.015 [17] 郭瑜,秦树人. 无转速计旋转机械升降速振动信号零相位阶比跟踪滤波[J]. 机械工程学报,2004,40(3): 50-54. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6686.2004.03.011GUO Yu,QIN Shuren. Tacholess order tracking filtering for Run-up or coast down vibration signal of rotating machinery based on zero-phase distortion digital filtering[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2004,40(3): 50-54. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6686.2004.03.011 [18] 樊家伟. 行星齿轮箱智能故障诊断及其齿轮振动仿真[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2021: 33-45.FAN Jiawei. Intelligent fault diagnosis and vibration simulation of gear in planetary gearbox[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2021: 33-45. (in Chinese) -