Test and analysis of skidding characteristics of high-speed and light-load cylindrical roller bearings
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摘要:
针对航空发动机圆柱滚子轴承在高速轻载条件下的打滑问题，开展试验与理论研究。基于滚动轴承打滑试验，探究内圈转速、径向载荷对轴承打滑特性的影响。同时考虑轴承工作径向游隙变化，求解滚子受力情况与轴承总力矩，并结合试验结果进行分析。研究表明，轴承内圈转速低于10 000 r/min时，径向载荷增大使轴承工作径向游隙增大，同时加剧轴承打滑程度。随着内圈转速升高，轴承工作径向游隙逐渐减小；存在内圈临界转速，此时轴承打滑率最大。不同径向载荷下内圈临界转速有所差别，本次试验所得内圈临界转速在7000～8 000 r/min之间。轴承整体滚子的总力矩直接影响轴承打滑程度。
Abstract:Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to solve the problem of aeroengine cylindrical roller bearing skidding under high speed and light load. Based on the skidding test of rolling bearing, the influence of inner ring speed and radial load on bearing skid characteristics was investigated. At the same time, considering the variation of working radial clearance of the bearing, the force on the roller and the total torque of the bearing were solved, and analyzed with the test results. The results showed that when the speed of the inner ring of the bearing was lower than 10 000 r/min, the increasing radial load increased the radial clearance of the bearing and aggravated the degree of skidding. With the increase of inner ring speed, the working radial clearance of bearing decreased gradually. There was a critical inner ring speed, when the bearing slip rate was the maximum. The critical speed of inner ring was different under different radial loads, and the critical speed of inner ring was between 7000—8 000 r/min in this test. The total torque of the integral roller of bearing directly affected the sliding degree of bearing.
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图 6 试验工况轴承温度分布云图
Figure 6. Bearing temperature distribution cloud diagram under test conditions
图 7 稳态热分析与试验测得外圈温度
Figure 7. Steady-state thermal analysis and test results of outer ring temperature
图 8 各因素引起工作径向游隙的变化量
Figure 8. Variation of working radial clearance caused by each factor
图 9 轴承工作径向游隙变化（
$ {u'_{\text{r}}} $ =9.5 μm）Figure 9. Variation of working radial clearance of test bearing （
$ {u'_{\text{r}}} $ =9.5 μm）表 1 试验轴承基本结构参数
Table 1. Basic structural parameters of test bearing
结构参数 数值 轴承内径d/mm 35 轴承外径D/mm 62 轴承厚度B/mm 14 滚子数量Z/个 16 滚子直径Dw/mm 6.5 滚子长度L/mm 6.5 
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