航空发动机超轻高效换热器的发展与应用展望

邓宏武; 李利昂; 杨家旺; 姜会庆; 王俊伟

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220074

航空发动机超轻高效换热器的发展与应用展望

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220074

1.
北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院，北京 100191
2.
中国航发湖南动力机械研究所，湖南株洲 412002
3.
陕西益信伟创智能科技有限公司，西安 710119

基金项目: 先进航空动力创新工作站（HKCX2020-02-017）

详细信息

作者简介:
邓宏武（1973-），男，副教授、博士生导师，博士，从事航空发动机传热研究

通讯作者:
李利昂（1995-），男，博士生，从事航空发动机先进换热器研究。E-mail：sparkle@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231.1
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- 文章访问数: 341
- HTML浏览量: 392
- PDF量: 155
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-12

Development and application prospect of light and high efficiency heat exchanger in aviation and aerospace

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute， Aero Engine Corporation of China，Zhuzhou Hunan 412002，China
3.
Shaanxi EHCC Intelligent Technology Company Limited，Xi’an 710119，China

摘要

摘要:
基于航空领域对换热器的特定设计需求，调研分析国内外相关资料，结合工程实践经验，归纳总结了提高换热器性能的主要方法—基于强化传热的性能优化方法和基于交叉学科的换热器种类探索技术。总结当前各种典型强化传热手段的分支分布后，认为基于结构的强化传热仍然是当前研究的主要方向之一，并介绍了一些热点、新型的强化传热结构。在新型换热器种类探索中提出了智能换热器和化学反应换热器的概念，为多工况换热和高热流换热提供解决方案，其中前者的强化传热比率可达2。对航空换热器设计中产生的部分新概念（评价指标/均混流/运行质量）进行了分析探索，补充完善了换热器的设计体系，并在最后对换热器在航空发动机方向的应用前景进行了展望。
- 换热器 /
- 强化传热 /
- 交叉学科 /
- 评价指标 /
- 均混流 /
- 运行质量
Abstract:
Based on the specific design requirements of heat exchanger in aviation and aerospace field, existing data were investigated and analyzed. Combined with the engineering practice, the main methods to improve the performance of heat exchanger, including performance optimization method and the interdisciplinary exploration of new types of heat exchangers, were introduced. The branch and distribution of current research on various heat transfer enhancement were summarized. Structure-based enhanced heat transfer was still taken as one of the main research directions, and some novel structures were introduced. In the exploration of new types of heat exchangers, the concepts of smart heat exchanger and chemical reaction heat exchanger were introduced, elaborating the design of heat exchange under multiple working conditions and high heat flow. Among them, the heat transfer enhancement coefficient of the smart heat exchangers can reach up to 2. Some new concepts, including evaluation indicator, uniform-mixed flow and operating weight produced in the design of heat exchanger, were analyzed and explored, which can supplement and improve the design system. Finally, the application prospect of heat exchanger in aviation and aerospace was presented.
- heat exchanger /
- heat transfer enhancement /
- interdisciplinary /
- evaluation parameters /
- uniform-mixed flow /
- operating weight

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图 1 强化传热手段研究图谱

Figure 1. Atlas of heat transfer enhancement methods

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图 2 2010年以来各种强化传热手段研究占比

Figure 2. Research distribution of heat transfer enhancement methods since 2010

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图 3 Dai和Yang等^[19-20]研究的扰流结构

Figure 3. Turbulence structure by Dai and Yang et al^[19-20]

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图 4 Raja和Mohammed等^[21-22]研究的扰流结构

Figure 4. Turbulence structure by Raja and Mohammed et al^[21-22]

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图 5 Chai和Abdul等^[23-24]研究的扰流结构

Figure 5. Turbulence structure by Chai and Abdul et al^[23-24]

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图 6 桁架结构^[25]（X型）

Figure 6. X-type metallic lattice core^[25]

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图 7 已有专利中的换热器多工况响应问题和集成化趋势

Figure 7. Integration trend and multi-condition response of heat exchanger in existing patents

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图 8 记忆合金变形原理^[28]

Figure 8. Deformation principle of SMA^[28]

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图 9 涡轮部件应用智能材料改变传热^[41]

Figure 9. Application of smart materials in turbine components^[41]

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图 10 在换热器中布置智能结构^[42]

Figure 10. An arrangement of smart structure in heat exchanger^[42]

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图 11 本课题组对智能传热结构的研究

Figure 11. Investigation on smart heat transfer structure by our team

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图 12 记忆合金的滞回曲线

Figure 12. Hysteresis curve of SMA

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图 13 不同类型记忆合金的使用温度范围

Figure 13. Application temperature range of different types of SMA

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图 14 微反应换热器结构示意^[54]

Figure 14. Structural diagram of micro reaction heat exchanger^[54]

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图 15 化学反应换热器中的肋片结构和泡沫金属^[55-57]

Figure 15. Fin structure and metal foam in chemical reaction heat exchanger^[55-57]

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图 16 管壳式换热器内部速度场

Figure 16. Internal velocity field of shell and tube heat exchanger

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图 17 一种三维均混流结构

Figure 17. A structure providing three-dimensional uniform mixed-flow

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图 18 应用于AL-31F发动机的空气换热器

Figure 18. Air heat exchanger for AL-31F engine

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图 19 中冷回热循环发动机概念示意图

Figure 19. Conceptual diagram of Intercooled engine

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图 20 换热器单元结构与管道示意图

Figure 20. Schematic diagram of heat exchanger unit and pipeline

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图 21 发动机机油冷却器

Figure 21. Engine oil cooler

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图 22 空气滑油冷却器示意图

Figure 22. Schematic diagram of SACOC

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表 1 强化传热手段对比

Table 1. Comparison of heat transfer enhancement methods

强化传热手段特性	传统主动强化手段	被动强化手段	智能结构
额外动力源	需要	不需要	不需要
系统复杂度	高	低	低
多工况传热调整能力	有	无	有
局部传热调整	有	无	有
工质要求	高	低	低

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