Performance evaluation method of thermal management system based on exergy analysis and compensatory loss
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摘要:
针对航空发动机热管理系统方案提出了基于㶲分析和当量质量分析的综合性能评价方法,从热力学性能和起飞总质量增加值两个角度对不同热管理系统方案的性能进行对比分析。根据建立的分析方法对某发动机两个舱内热管理系统方案(直接引气和泵后引气)进行了性能综合评价,结果表明:采用泵后引气热管理系统方案由于实现了功率提取和冷却的综合利用,同时减少了全程引气带来的气动阻力损失,相比直接引气方案,总的㶲效率最高提升12.3%,起飞总质量降低了233.7 kg,因此泵后引气热管理方案的综合性能优于直接引气方案。该方法对其他类似系统方案的性能评估具有参考价值。
Abstract:A method based on exergy analysis and compensatory loss was put forward to evaluate the performance of aero-engine thermal management system. Different thermal management system schemes were compared and analyzed from the perspectives of thermodynamic performance and total takeoff weight added value. According to the established analysis method, the performance of two schemes of engine compartment thermal management system (direct air bleed and bleed after pump) was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the scheme of the heat management system of the air intake after the pump can realize comprehensive utilization of the power extraction and cooling, and reduce the aerodynamic resistance loss caused by the whole air intake, which was better than the scheme of the direct air intake, as the maximum exergy efficiency was increased by 12.3%, and the total mass of take-off was reduced by 233.7 kg. Therefore, the comprehensive performance of the heat management scheme after pumping was better than that of direct air intake scheme. This method can provide a reference for the performance evaluation of other similar system schemes.
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表 1 发动机舱内温度控制系统方案
Table 1. Schemes of temperature control system in engine compartment
方案 主要形式 被动防护形式 主动通风冷却形式 方案一
(直接引气)采用被动隔热与主动
通风冷却结合采用5 mm气凝胶隔热材料
包覆机匣表面全程采用进气道出口引气冷却;引气管路上采用燃油进行冷却,然后对舱内进行冷却 方案二
(泵后引气)在方案一的基础上,与
能源系统共用冷却气采用5 mm气凝胶隔热材料
包覆机匣表面Ma<2.0,进气道出口引气冷却;Ma>2.0,利用引气切换装置将进气道出口引气改为空气涡轮泵后引气。进气道气流通过空气涡轮泵提取轴功后温度降低,再利用燃油冷却后用于舱内环境冷却 表 2 直接引气方案㶲分析
Table 2. Exergy analysis of the directly air bleed scheme
参数 工况代号 1 2 3 4 5 空气进口㶲/(kW/kg) 109.4 333.7 214.4 116.2 399.6 燃油进口㶲/(kW/kg) 137.0 108.3 80.5 68.8 158.1 空气出口㶲/(kW/kg) 58.5 58.6 28.8 11.3 69.6 燃油出口㶲/(kW/kg) 169.9 289.0 206.7 140.6 366.7 㶲损耗/(kW/kg) 18.0 94.5 59.5 33.1 121.4 㶲效率 0.927 0.786 0.798 0.821 0.782 表 3 泵后引气方案系统㶲分析
Table 3. Exergy analysis of the programme that bleed after pump
参数 工况代号 1 2 3 涡轮泵㶲分析 涡轮泵进口气流㶲/(kW/kg) 236.78 891.84 572.35 涡轮泵输出㶲/(kW/kg) 167.14 397.42 249.15 出口气流㶲/(kW/kg) 59.41 441.63 286.54 涡轮泵的㶲损失/(kW/kg) 10.23 52.79 36.66 涡轮泵的㶲效率 0.96 0.94 0.94 换热器㶲分析 空气进口㶲/(kW/kg) 28.34 181.26 117.96 燃油进口㶲/(kW/kg) 136.99 108.34 80.50 空气出口㶲/(kW/kg) 23.57 41.35 22.86 燃油出口㶲/(kW/kg) 141.46 207.91 150.16 换热器㶲损耗/(kW/kg) 0.30 40.34 25.44 换热器㶲效率 0.998 0.861 0.872 系统㶲分析 进口㶲/(kW/kg) 373.77 1000.18 652.85 总㶲损失/(kW/kg) 10.53 93.13 62.10 系统㶲效率 0.972 0.907 0.905 表 4 泵后引气方案系统㶲分析
Table 4. Exergy analysis of the programme that bleed after pump
参数 工况代号 4 5 涡轮泵㶲分析 涡轮泵进口气流㶲/(kW/kg) 329.24 1124.83 涡轮泵输出㶲/(kW/kg) 134.77 492.23 出口气流㶲/(kW/kg) 169.90 565.44 涡轮泵的㶲损失/(kW/kg) 24.57 67.16 涡轮泵的㶲效率 0.93 0.94 换热器㶲分析 空气进口㶲/(kW/kg) 66.61 221.33 燃油进口㶲/(kW/kg) 68.81 158.09 空气出口㶲/(kW/kg) 10.78 48.93 燃油出口㶲/(kW/kg) 109.86 276.88 换热器㶲损耗/(kW/kg) 14.77 53.61 换热器㶲效率 0.89 0.86 系统㶲分析 进口㶲/(kW/kg) 398.04 1282.92 总㶲损失/(kW/kg) 39.34 120.76 系统㶲效率 0.901 0.906 表 5 两个热管理系统方案的当量质量
Table 5. Equivalent mass of different thermal management system schemes
参数 方案一 方案二 换热器及引气管路质量/kg 80 80 换热器质量引起的燃油代偿损失/kg 71.6 71.6 引气切换装置质量/kg 0 25 引气切换装置引起的燃油代偿损失/kg 0 22.4 引气流量/(kg/s) 0.7(全程) 0.7(Ma<2.0) 引气量引起的燃油代偿损失/kg 294.9 13.8 热管理系统导致飞机起飞总质量增加值/kg 446.5 212.8 -
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