典型及衍生激波针构型的减阻降热流动特性

何坤; 袁化成

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220173

典型及衍生激波针构型的减阻降热流动特性

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220173

何坤^{1, 2},
袁化成^1,*, ,

1.
南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院，南京 210016
2.
北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院，北京 102206

详细信息

作者简介:
何坤（2000-），男，硕士生，主要从事航空发动机进气预冷技术的研究

通讯作者:
袁化成（1979-），男，教授，博士，主要从事飞行器进排气系统技术研究。E-mail：yuanhuacheng@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V211.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-30
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-08

Flow characteristics of drag and heat reduction of typical and derived aero-spikes configuration

HE Kun^{1, 2},
YUAN Huacheng^{1,*
, ,}

1.
College of Energy and Power Engineering，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China
2.
Research Institute of Aero-Engine，Beihang University，Beijing 102206，China

摘要

摘要:
为探索激波针对超声速钝头飞行器进行减阻降热时的更优衍生构型，采用数值模拟方法对3种典型单扰流物构型、6种双扰流物构型、两类多扰流物构型和钝锥型激波针的流动特性进行了研究，认为加装激波针后的几何本质相当于“镂空式”的锥型钝头体。模拟结果显示：激波针头部扰流物相对直径较大时，减阻率随激波针相对长度的变化曲线没有明显的峰值点，而是存在一个变动幅度很小的峰值段，且相对直径在0.3～0.4左右时减阻效果最佳；典型激波针的最大减阻率约为50%，采用双扰流物构型时略有提升；中部增加多个扰流物时减阻率随扰流物数量增多而增大，最大减阻率超过60%，但气动加热问题较严重。相比而言，钝锥型激波针减阻降温的综合性能最好，最大减阻率可达60%左右，降温率约为7%。
- 激波针 /
- 衍生构型 /
- 超声速 /
- 减阻降热 /
- 流动特性
Abstract:
In order to explore a better derived configuration of the aero-spike for drag and heat reduction of the supersonic blunt aircraft, numerical simulation was used to study the flow characteristics of three kinds of typical configurations with single flow interferent, six kinds of configurations with double flow interferents, two types of configurations with multiple flow interferents and blunted cone-spike; it was believed that the geometric essence of adding an aero-spike was equivalent to a “hollowed-out” conical blunt body. The simulation results showed that when the relative diameter of the flow interferent at the head was large, the variation curve of drag reduction rate with the relative length of the spike didn’t have an obvious peak point, instead, there was a peak stage with very little variation, and the drag reduction effect was best when the relative diameter was about 0.3−0.4; the maximum drag reduction rates of the typical spikes were about 50% and slightly increased by using configurations with double flow interferents; when multiple flow interferents were added in the middle, the drag reduction rates increased with the growing number of flow interferents, the maximums were more than 60%, but the aerodynamic heating problem was more serious. In comparison, the blunted cone-spike had the best comprehensive performances of drag and heat reduction, its maximum drag reduction rate could reach about 60%, and the heat reduction rate was about 7%.
- aero-spike /
- derived configuration /
- supersonic /
- drag and heat reduction /
- flow characteristics

HTML

图 1 圆盘型激波针示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of disc-spike

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图 2 网格划分示意图、边界条件及横纵坐标布局

Figure 2. Grid division diagram, boundary conditions and layout of horizontal and vertical coordinates

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图 3 模拟所得圆盘型和球型激波针流场的数值纹影结果与实验纹影图的对比

Figure 3. Comparison of the numerical schlieren results of disc-spike and sphere-spike with the experimental schlieren figures

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图 4 半球型、球型及双锥型激波针示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagrams of the hemisphere-spike, sphere-spike and bicone-spike

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图 5 不同d₀/D值下半球型激波针n随L/D的变化曲线

Figure 5. Variation curves of n with L/D of the hemisphere-spike with different d₀/D values

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图 6 不同激波针n_max随d₀/D的变化曲线

Figure 6. Variation curves of n_max with d₀/D of different spikes

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图 7 半球型激波针在部分L/D值下的马赫数云图

Figure 7. Mach number contours of the hemisphere-spike with partial L/D values

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图 8 不同L/D值下钝头表面无量纲压力沿周向的分布曲线

Figure 8. Circumferential distribution curves of the dimensionless pressure on the blunt surface with different L/D values

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图 9 不同d₀/D值下钝头表面温度沿周向的分布曲线

Figure 9. Circumferential distribution curves of the temperature on the blunt surface with different d₀/D values

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图 10 6种双扰流物组合示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagrams of six kinds of combinations of double flow interferents

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图 11 双扰流物型激波针n随L₂/D值的变化曲线

Figure 11. Variation curves of n with L₂/D values of the spikes with double flow interferents

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图 12 不同L₂/D值下双锥-半球型激波针的马赫数云图对比

Figure 12. Comparison of Mach number contours of the bicone-hemisphere-spike with different L₂/D values

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图 13 不同L₂/D值下双锥-半球型激波针的壁面无量纲压力分布曲线

Figure 13. Dimensionless wall pressure distribution curves of the bicone-hemisphere-spike with different L₂/D values

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图 14 不同L₂/D值下双锥-半球型激波针的钝头表面温度沿周向的分布曲线

Figure 14. Circumferential distribution curves of the temperature on the blunt surface of the bicone-hemisphere-spike with different L₂/D values

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图 15 三半球型激波针示意图

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of the triple-hemisphere-spike

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图 16 三半球型激波针n随L/D的变化曲线

Figure 16. Variation curve of n with L/D values of the triple-hemisphere-spike

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图 17 部分L/D值下三半球型激波针的马赫数云图

Figure 17. Mach number contours of the triple-hemisphere-spike with partial L/D values

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图 18 几种中部多扰流物构型示意图

Figure 18. Schematic diagrams of several kinds of spike configurations with multiple flow interferents in the middle

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图 19 半球型激波针及锥型钝头体示意图

Figure 19. Schematic diagram of the hemisphere-spike and conical blunt body

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图 20 多扰流物型激波针、半球型激波针及锥型钝头体的n

Figure 20. n of the spikes with multiple flow interferents, hemisphere-spike and conical blunt body

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图 21 多扰流物型激波针、半球型激波针及锥型钝头体的马赫数云图对比

Figure 21. Comparison of Mach number contours of the spikes with multiple flow interferents, hemisphere-spike and conical blunt body

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图 22 多扰流物型激波针、半球型激波针及锥型钝头体构型的壁面温度分布曲线

Figure 22. Wall temperature distribution curves of the spikes with multiple flow interferents, hemisphere-spike and conical blunt body

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图 23 钝锥型激波针示意图

Figure 23. Schematic diagram of the blunted cone-spike

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图 24 钝锥型与三半球型激波针n随L/D值的变化曲线

Figure 24. Variation curves of n with L/D values of the blunted cone-spike and triple-hemisphere-spike

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表 1 各构型在不同d₀/D值下的临界L/D区间

Table 1. Critical L/D extents of virous configurations with different d₀/D values

d₀/D	临界L/D区间
d₀/D	半球型	球型	双锥型
0.2	0.9～1.0	0.9～1.0	1.1～1.2
0.25	1.1～1.2	1.0～1.1	1.2～1.3
0.3	1.3～1.4	1.2～1.3	1.4～1.5
0.35	1.4～1.5	1.4～1.5	1.6～1.7
0.4	1.5～1.6	1.6～1.7	1.7～1.8
0.5	1.8～1.9	1.9～2.0	2.0～2.1

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表 2 各构型下的n_max（Ma_∞=3）

Table 2. n_max（Ma_∞=3） of virous configurations

激波针构型	n_max/%
典型构型	50左右（50.41）
双扰流物构型	50～55（53.64）
头部多扰流物构型	60左右（59.06）
中部多扰流物构型	60～65（63.59）
钝锥构型	60左右（59.85）

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