刷式密封刷丝浮升效应流固耦合数值研究

孙基生; 孙丹; 赵欢; 慕伟; 张杰一; 温帅方

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220182

刷式密封刷丝浮升效应流固耦合数值研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220182

孙基生^1,,
孙丹^1,*, ,,
赵欢¹,
慕伟^{2, 3},
张杰一^{2, 3},
温帅方¹

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空宇航推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
中国航发沈阳发动机研究所，沈阳 110015
3.
中国航发动力传输航空科技重点实验室，沈阳 110015

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52075346）；先进航空动力创新工作站（依托中国航空发动机研究院设立）项目（HKC2020-02-030）；辽宁省教育厅基础研究项目（JYT2020047）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙基生（1999-），男，硕士生，主要从事刷式密封刷丝动力学特性研究

通讯作者:
孙丹（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机先进密封技术研究。E-mail：phd_sundan@163. com

中图分类号: V233.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-24

Numerical investigation on bristles buoyancy effect of brush seals with fluid-structure interaction

SUN Jisheng^1
,,
SUN Dan^{1,*
, ,},
ZHAO Huan¹,
MU Wei^{2, 3},
ZHANG Jieyi^{2, 3},
WEN Shuaifang¹

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136
2.
Shenyang Engine Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Shenyang 110015，China
3.
Key Laboratory for Power Transmission，Aero Enginc Corporation of China，Shenyang 110115，China

摘要

摘要:
基于简化悬臂梁模型分析了刷式密封刷丝浮升效应理论，采用ALE（arbitrary Lagrange-Euler）流固耦合方法建立了刷式密封刷丝浮升效应三维瞬态数值求解模型，在验证了数值模型准确性基础上，研究了刷丝总体变形特性，量化分析了刷丝自由端轴向、径向和总体变形量，研究了结构参数与工况参数对刷式密封刷丝浮升效应的影响规律，揭示了刷式密封刷丝浮升效应诱发机理。研究结果表明：刷式密封刷丝浮升效应是前排刷丝受非定常径向气流作用产生的刷丝扰动现象，刷丝浮升效应会使前排刷丝向来流方向发生较大变形，并使前排刷丝与转子面产生径向间隙，泄漏量增加。当进出口压比从2提高至4，刷丝自由端平均变形量增加了47%，将前挡板保护高度从1.5 mm提高至2.5 mm，刷丝自由端平均变形量增加了36%，均使刷丝浮升效应增强。刷式密封前挡板与刷丝束间隙提供的径向气流通道，进出口压差在前挡板与刷丝束间隙内产生的径向压力梯度是刷丝浮升效应的诱发条件，提高刷丝直径和降低前挡板与刷丝束间隙均可降低刷丝浮升效应。
- 刷式密封 /
- 刷丝浮升效应 /
- ALE（arbitrary Lagrange-Euler）方法 /
- 流固耦合 /
- 变形特性
Abstract:
The bristles buoyancy effect of brush seal directly affect its sealing performance and service life. The theory of brush seal bristles buoyancy effect was analyzed, and the three-dimensional transient numerical model of brush seal bristles buoyancy effect was established using arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) fluid-structure coupling method. Based on the accuracy of numerical model, the overall deformation characteristics of bristles were studied, and the axial, radial and total deformations of bristle tips were quantitatively analyzed. The effects of structural parameters and working parameters on bristles buoyancy effect of brush seal were studied, and the inducing mechanism of bristles buoyancy effect of brush seal was revealed. The research results showed that the bristles buoyancy effect of brush seal contributed to the disturbance of the front bristles caused by the unsteady radial airflow. The bristles buoyancy effect of brush seal can cause large deformation of the front bristles in the direction of the flow, generate radial clearance between the front plate and the rotor surface, and increase the leakage. When the inlet and outlet pressure ratio increased from 2 to 4, the average deformation of bristle tips increased by 47%, and the protection height of the front plate increased from 1.5mm to 2.5mm, and the average deformation of bristle tips increased by 36%, both of which enhanced the bristles buoyancy effect. The radial airflow channel was provided by the clearance between the front plate and the bristle pack, and the radial pressure gradient was generated by the inlet and outlet pressure difference in the clearance between the front plate and the bristle pack as the inducing condition of the bristles buoyancy effect. The bristles buoyancy effect can be reduced by increasing the diameter of the bristles and reducing the clearance between the front plate and the bristle pack.
- brush seals /
- bristles buoyancy effect /
- ALE(arbitrary Lagrange-Euler) method /
- fluid-structure interaction /
- deformation characteristics

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图 1 刷式密封刷丝浮升效应示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the bristles buoyancy effect of brush seals

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图 2 刷式密封二维结构图

Figure 2. Two-dimensional structural diagram of brush seals

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图 3 数值计算模型

Figure 3. Numerical calculation model

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图 4 网格划分示意图

Figure 4. Grid diagram

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图 5 边界条件

Figure 5. Boundary condition

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图 6 泄漏量对比验证

Figure 6. Comparison and verification of leakage

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图 7 刷式密封总体变形图

Figure 7. Total deformation diagram of brush seals

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图 8 刷丝自由端总体变形径向视图

Figure 8. Radial view of total deformation of the bristle tips

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图 9 不同时刻下刷丝自由端总变形量

Figure 9. Total deformation of the bristle tips at different time

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图 10 不同时刻下刷丝自由端轴向变形量

Figure 10. Axial deformation of the bristle tips at different time

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图 11 不同时刻下刷丝自由端径向变形量

Figure 11. Radial deformation of the bristle tips at different time

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图 12 不同压比下刷丝自由端总变形量

Figure 12. Total deformation of the bristle tips under different pressure ratio

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图 13 不同压比下刷丝自由端平均变形量

Figure 13. Average deformation of the bristle tips under different pressure ratio

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图 14 不同刷丝直径下刷丝自由端总变形量

Figure 14. Total deformation of the bristle tips under different diameter of the bristles

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图 15 不同刷丝直径下刷丝自由端平均变形量

Figure 15. Average deformation of the bristle tips under different diameter of the bristles

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图 16 不同前挡板保护高度下刷丝自由端总变形量

Figure 16. Total deformation of the bristle tips under different protection height of the front plate

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图 17 不同前挡板保护高度下刷丝自由端平均变形量

Figure 17. Average deformation of the bristle tips under different protection height of the front plate

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图 18 不同前挡板与刷丝束间隙下刷丝自由端总变形量

Figure 18. Total deformation of the bristle tips under different clearance between the front plate and the bristle pack

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图 19 不同前挡板与刷丝束间隙下刷丝自由端平均变形量

Figure 19. Average deformation of the bristle tips under different clearance between the front plate and the bristle pack

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图 20 刷式密封刷丝浮升效应诱发机理流程图

Figure 20. Flow chart of the inducing mechanism of bristles buoyancy effect of brush seal

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表 1 刷式密封结构参数

Table 1. Strctural parameters of brush seals

结构参数	数值
前挡板宽度w_f/mm	1.0
后挡板宽度w_b/mm	2.0
刷丝束轴向厚度w_s/mm	1.5
前挡板保护高度h_f/mm	1.5、2.0、2.5
后挡板保护高度h_b/mm	1.0
刷丝束与转子面间隙h_g/mm	0
刷丝束与前挡板间隙w_g/mm	0.6、0.7、0.8
刷丝直径D/mm	0.06、0.07、0.08
刷丝间距d/mm	0.006、0.007、0.008
刷丝径向长度L/mm	10.4

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表 2 网格无关性验证

Table 2. Grid independence verification

网格数量/10⁴	泄漏量相对误差（%）
75	14.25
126	8.63
188	2.14
226	0.88
264	0.6

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表 3 模型工况参数

Table 3. Operating parameters of model

工况参数	数值
进口压力/MPa	0.2、0.3、0.4
出口压力/MPa	0.1
刷丝与刷丝间摩擦因数	0.3
刷丝与挡板间摩擦因数	0.3

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