Vibration prediction of aero-engine rotor based on tip clearance measurement
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摘要:
基于叶尖间隙测量，进行了航空发动机转子振动位移和轴心轨迹的预测方法研究，建立于叶尖间隙变化动态模型，对叶尖间隙变化进行了数值计算以及有限元仿真，并针对带机匣的转子试验器进行了试验研究。采用电涡流传感器对相互垂直的两个测点进行叶尖间隙测试；通过Hilbert-Huang变换对信号进行处理，提取其低频分量；再利用互相关分析方法提取出转频信号，并由转频分量绘制了轴心轨迹；与直接测得同截面转轴上的轴心轨迹相比，两者的吻合度达到90%以上，试验结果充分表明了研究方法的正确有效性，为通过叶尖间隙测试间接获取转子振动位移提供了有效的技术途径。
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关键词:
- 叶尖间隙 /
- Hilbert-Huang变换 /
- 互相关分析方法 /
- 轴心轨迹 /
- 转子振动
Abstract:Based on the measurement of tip clearance, the prediction method of aeroengine rotor vibration displacement and axis trajectory was studied. Based on the dynamic model of tip clearance change, the numerical calculation and finite element simulation of tip clearance change were carried out, and the experimental research was carried out for the rotor tester with casing. The tip clearance of two measuring points perpendicular to each other was measured by eddy current sensor. The signal was processed by Hilbert Huang transform to extract its low-frequency component. The cross-correlation analysis method was used to extract the frequency conversion signal, and the axis trajectory was drawn from the frequency conversion component. Compared with the direct measurement of the axis trajectory on the rotating shaft of the same section, the coincidence degree of these two was more than 90%. The test results fully showed the correctness and effectiveness of the research method, providing an effective technical way to indirectly obtain the rotor vibration displacement through the blade tip clearance test.
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Key words:
- tip clearance /
- Hilbert-Huang transform /
- cross-correlation analysis /
- axis orbit /
- rotor vibration
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图 1 对称与非对称叶尖间隙变化示意图
Figure 1. Diagrams of symmetry and asymmetry tip clearance variation
图 2 带机匣的转子试验器实物图与剖面图
Figure 2. Physical and sectional drawings of rotor tester with casing
图 7 试验器安装节安装位置与机匣示意图
Figure 7. Diagram of installation joint position and casing of tester
图 13 叶尖间隙信号的转频分量提取方法流程
Figure 13. Extraction process of rotational frequency component of tip clearance signal
图 18 叶尖间隙试验信号互相关结果
Figure 18. Cross correlation results of tip clearance experimental signals
图 21 不同转速下的轴心轨迹测试结果
Figure 21. Test results of axis orbit at different rotational speeds
表 2 不同转速下转轴振幅
Table 2. Amplitude of shaft at different rotational speeds
转速/（r/min） 转轴振动/mm 600 0.587×10−3 1200 0.266×10−2 1800 0.100×10−1 2400 0.480×10−1 
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表 3 不同转速下叶片与转盘形变
Table 3. Deformation of blade and disc at different rotation speeds
形变位置 转速/（r/min） 600 1200 1800 2400 叶片/mm 5.73×10−5 2.29×10−4 5.15×10−4 9.16×10−4 转盘/mm 4.19×10−5 1.68×10−4 3.77×10−4 6.70×10−4
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表 4 叶尖间隙数值仿真参数
Table 4. Numerical simulation parameters of tip clearance
转速频率
f/Hz仿真
时间/s叶尖间隙 值Aj/mm 叶片数目
R转轴涡动
幅值Ar/mm20 1.0 0.0015 32 0.0001
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